Planning Styles in Conflict: The Metropolitan Transportation Commission

Innes, Judith E.; Gruber, Judith E.

doi:10.1080/01944360508976691

Cited by 120 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On the one hand, these processes provide structure and content for debate, enabling learning effects; while on the other hand, they trigger participants to share tacit knowledge, develop new combinations of explicit knowledge and internalize a common language. When we compare this with other research about the caveats of collaborative planning (Innes and Gruber 2005) we see that in our cases there was more distance between the meetings and actual decision making. Also, the meetings comprised mainly what Innes and Gruber call 'staff'.…”

Section: Reflection and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Integrating land use and transport knowledge in strategy-making

Brömmelstroet

Bertolini

2009

Transportation

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There is broad and growing consensus regarding the central place of integrated Land Use and Transport (LUT) strategy development in establishing more efficient and sustainable urban environments. However, empirical evidence shows that such integration is hard to achieve in daily planning practice, due to many institutional barriers and substantive differences. More specifically, the tools developed to support LUT strategy development have very low implementation rates in daily planning practice. This paper introduces the concept of 'knowledge generation' as a potentially useful mechanism for closing the gap between support tools and planning practice. Through two specific Dutch planning cases, we analyze the applicability of this concept in supporting integrated LUT strategy development. The paper focuses on the developed strategies, how these differ from current practice, and how knowledge generation supported their development. We argue that socialization produces shared strategies and that effective socialization needs to be supported by efficient mutual exchange between tacit and explicit knowledge. We conclude by discussing the implications of this argument for the wider practice of LUT planning integration.

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Section: Reflection and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Integrating land use and transport knowledge in strategy-making

Brömmelstroet

Bertolini

2009

Transportation

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“…The second problem is this rational process is not always how transportation planning actually works. Cities desperate to increase tax revenue will often approve cardependent sprawl no matter the long-term effects on climate change (Innes and Gruber 2005). This puts political pressure on MPOs to produce regional transportation plans that favor driving rather than discouraging it.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Planner Commitment: Are California’s SB 375 and Oregon’s SB 1059 Models for Climate-Change Mitigation?

Bartholomew¹,

Proffitt²

2017

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Sponsoring Agency Code Supplementary Notes AbstractCalifornia's Sustainable Communities and Climate Protection Act (SB 375) and the Oregon Sustainable Transportation Initiative (SB 1059) have made them the first states in the nation to try and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions using the transportation-planning process. Evaluating how these pioneering laws have changed local planning processes -as well as plans themselves -in each state provides insight into the laws' effectiveness at changing development patterns in a way that reduces GHG emissions, without waiting decades to see the effects in the built environment. Both states' laws require metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) and the municipalities that comprise them to plan development scenarios that reduce per capita GHG emissions from private automobiles. The emissions-reductions targets for each metro are determined through negotiation with state agencies and are updated periodically. Planning researchers (Burby et al., 1997) categorize laws like these as state planning mandates because they require local-level governments to incorporate state-specified goals into their plans. A host of empirical studies (Berke & French, 1994;Bunnell & Jepson, 2011;Burby & May, 1998;Burby, 2005;Burby et al., 1993;Hoch, 2007;May, 1993) suggest that the structure of state planning mandates, particularly the way their "carrots" and "sticks" encourage full adoption of the mandate's goals and objectives or allow for just minimal compliance, are key to their success in changing development patterns. This is because greater planner commitment tends to result in higher-quality local plans and better plan implementation (Alterman & Hill, 1978;Berke & French, 1994;Berke & Godschalk, 2009;Berke, 1996; Brody & Highfield, 2005;Brody, 2003; Laurian et al., 2004; Talen, 1996), effectively acting as a multiplier that increases the plan's influence on the built environment and other development outcomes. Therefore, we believe that evaluating the degree to which state planning mandates in California and Oregon have changed local planning documents and practices is the best available indicator of how the mandates will influence development patterns in the future. Furthermore, tracing how the mandates affect decisions made by local planners informs the suitability of California and Oregon's planning mandates to serve as a model for policy in other states, or at the national or international scale. This study fits the NITC themes of taking long-term action on transportation emissions and climate change and integrating multimodal transportation and land use. We employ content analysis to evaluate SB 375 and SB 1059's influence on regional transportation plans (RTPs) produced by MPOs. Conducting content analyses of RTPs approved before and after the planning mandates took effect will produce scores that allow us to compare how much the plans have changed due to the laws. It will also allow us to group MPOs based on their performance and identify characteristics of the metro areas they...

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“…Basing their work on , Innes and Gruber (2005), and , Deyle and Wiedenman surveyed TAC members on the degree to which the attainment of positive "collaboration space" attributes correlated with process outcomes. The authors grouped the collaboration space variables according to Habermas's DIAD structure in which (1) participants represent the "'full diversity of interests' affected by their actions"; (2) participants are interdependent, in that they are "dependent upon each other for attaining their goals"; and (3) the collaborative process amounts to "'authentic dialogue'" (p. 258).…”

Section: The Structure Of Mposmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metropolitan Centers: Evaluating Local Implementation of Regional Plans and Policies

Margerum¹,

Bartholomew²,

Lewis³

et al. 2017

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Type of Report and Period Covered Sponsoring Agency Code Supplementary Notes AbstractThe Denver and Salt Lake City Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) have embarked upon regional visioning strategies that promote development around higher density, mixed use centers with current or future access to transit. This study examines the programs and policies in the Salt Lake City and Denver regions to examine regional vision influence on local planning and the opportunities and constraints facing centers. The research team analyzed local plans over the past several decades, interviewed planners, and examined demographic, land use and transportation characteristics in select centers across the region. We found that the regional vision had a moderate influence on local planning, due to vague definitions and criteria. However, light rail investment and market forces have had a more substantial influence-resulting in cities developing supportive transit oriented development policies. While over 100 centers have been designated, many face significant challenges to support regional goals, particularly because many light rail lines were located along rail and freeway alignments. A limited number of "tipping point centers" already contain the necessary elements to be successful with city and private investment. Many "greenfield centers" offer significant future opportunity for development, but their suburban location and infrastructure needs present significant costs and challenges. Many other "redevelopment centers" are dominated by industrial, commercial or office development, and the land use and transportation patterns within these centers present substantial hurdles that may limit their potential to achieve regional goals.

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Planning Styles in Conflict: The Metropolitan Transportation Commission

Cited by 120 publications

References 13 publications

Integrating land use and transport knowledge in strategy-making

Integrating land use and transport knowledge in strategy-making

Building Planner Commitment: Are California’s SB 375 and Oregon’s SB 1059 Models for Climate-Change Mitigation?

Metropolitan Centers: Evaluating Local Implementation of Regional Plans and Policies

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