Plant-biochar interactions drive the negative priming of soil organic carbon in an annual ryegrass field system

Weng, Zhe; Zwieten, Lukas Van; Singh, Bhupinder; Kimber, Stephen; Morris, Stephen; Cowie, Annette; Macdonald, Lynne M.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.005

Cited by 89 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The use of specialized respiration collars to isolate soil + root respiration from shoot respiration 13 , combined with periodic 13 CO 2 pulse labelling over 15 months (between 8.2 and 9.5 years post biochar addition) allowed us to quantify in situ the rhizosphere priming of native SOC in the pasture site described above 9 . We used the 13 C endmember of biochar plus root ( 13 C B+R ) to partition and quantify native SOC mineralization (C S ) from the combined 'plantbiochar' and native SOC sources:…”

Section: Negative Priming Of Native Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is estimated to have a negative emission potential of 0.7 Pg C Eq yr −1 (refs 5,6), based on reduced biomass decay due to stabilization of organic matter 7,8 , and indirect net effects, including lowered CH 4 and N 2 O emissions 9 , and enhanced productivity 10,11 . Further, biochar may facilitate negative priming in soil [12][13][14] , due to the decreased rate of turnover of both existing soil organic matter (SOM) and newly added root-derived C compounds. However, the results of studies on the longevity and magnitude of priming effects, ranging from weeks to several years, vary widely due to the heterogeneity of biochar-amended soil systems 15 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amended with biochar 9.5 years ago Higher 13 (2) root exudates may also cause dissolution of mineral-protected organic C and complexation of fixed Fe 3+ via ligand exchange 26 , which increases bioavailability of mineral-bound SOC to microbial consumption. b, In contrast, despite the co-occurrence of these two mechanisms in the planted biochar-amended soil, (1) biochar sorbs root exudates, hence minimizing dissolution of iron as well as mineral-protected organic C, which may lower SOC mineralization; (2) biochar can serve as a ligand to enhance organo-mineral interactions, which results in stabilizing new C. The arrows illustrate the C flow directions (that is, single arrow: unidirectional; dual arrow: interchangeable).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Biochar built soil carbon over a decade by stabilizing rhizodeposits

Weng¹,

Zwieten

Singh³

et al. 2017

Nature Clim Change

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281

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Biochar can increase the stable C content of soil. However, studies on the longer-term role of plant-soil-biochar interactions and the consequent changes to native soil organic carbon (SOC) are lacking. Periodic 13 CO 2 pulse labelling of ryegrass was used to monitor belowground C allocation, SOC priming, and stabilization of root-derived C for a 15-month period-commencing 8.2 years after biochar (Eucalyptus saligna, 550 • C) was amended into a subtropical ferralsol. We found that field-aged biochar enhanced the belowground recovery of new root-derived C ( 13 C) by 20%, and facilitated negative rhizosphere priming (it slowed SOC mineralization by 5.5%, that is, 46 g CO 2 -C m −2 yr −1 ). Retention of root-derived 13 C in the stable organo-mineral fraction (<53 µm) was also increased (6%, P < 0.05). Through synchrotron-based spectroscopic analysis of bulk soil, fieldaged biochar and microaggregates (<250 µm), we demonstrate that biochar accelerates the formation of microaggregates via organo-mineral interactions, resulting in the stabilization and accumulation of SOC in a rhodic ferralsol.

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Section: Negative Priming Of Native Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar built soil carbon over a decade by stabilizing rhizodeposits

Weng¹,

Zwieten

Singh³

et al. 2017

Nature Clim Change

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281

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“…However, this remains largely unknown, and new techniques, like, NanoSIMS, are required to understand the interactions involved. In addition, in the biochar and the plant-soil system, how biochar could affect soil organic C and plant root in the plant-soil-biochar system remains a research frontier (Weng et al 2015). For example, it is difficult to apply methods using classic two stable isotopes ( 13 C and 12 C) to partitionate three C sources.…”

Section: Interactions Of Biochar With Soil Microbial Communities and mentioning

confidence: 99%

The properties and functions of biochars in forest ecosystems

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2016

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose The production of large quantities of biochar from natural fires has been a part of human history for millennia, causing CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere and exerting longterm effects on soil processes. Despite its potential importance and recent work reflecting the wide interest in biochar, a general review of our deep understanding of biochar functions within forest soils is currently lacking. Gaps in research knowledge in this field are identified in this paper. Materials and methods This paper summarizes recent research to provide a better understanding of the concentrations, distribution, and characteristics of biochar produced from forest wildfire and its influences on soil processes. Perspectives and recommendations for future research on biochar in postfire forest soils are also discussed. Results and discussion The concentration, distribution, and characteristics of biochar produced from forest wildfire largely depend on forest landscapes, regional climates, and mostly its feedstock and fire history, like, its duration and severity. The influences of biochar on soil processes, particularly carbon and nitrogen transformations and cycling, like, nitrification and nitrous oxide emissions reduction (Clough and Condron, J Environ Qual 39:1218-1223, are also determined mainly by the fire temperature and raw materials. Mechanisms can be attributed to the adsorption of organic compounds and nutrients or changed microenvironment, termed as charsphere, by biochar. We also identify the microbial mechanisms involved in the biochar-containing soils.

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“…However, both negative and positive effects on SOM stability have been reported in the literature (Maestrini et al 2015) indicating that biochar can both inhibit, or promote, or have no effect on SOM degradation. The effects depend both on the length of the incubation study , and the presence or absence of plants (Weng et al 2015; see also section 3.2).…”

Section: Nutrient Cycles and Crop Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochars in Soils: Towards the Required Level of Scientific Understanding

Tammeorg

Bastos

Jeffery

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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Key priorities in biochar research for future guidance of sustainable policy development have been identified by expert assessment within the COST Action TD1107. The current level of scientific understanding (LOSU) regarding the consequences of biochar application to soil were explored. Five broad thematic areas of biochar research were addressed: soil biodiversity and ecotoxicology, soil organic matter and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, soil physical properties, nutrient cycles and crop production, and soil remediation. The highest future research priorities regarding biochar’s effects in soils were: functional redundancy within soil microbial communities, bioavailability of biochar’s contaminants to soil biota, soil organic matter stability, GHG emissions, soil formation, soil hydrology, nutrient cycling due to microbial priming as well as altered rhizosphere ecology, and soil ph buffering capacity. Methodological and other constraints to achieve the required LOSU are discussed and options for efficient progress of biochar research and sustainable application to soil are presented.

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Plant-biochar interactions drive the negative priming of soil organic carbon in an annual ryegrass field system

Cited by 89 publications

References 66 publications

Biochar built soil carbon over a decade by stabilizing rhizodeposits

Biochar built soil carbon over a decade by stabilizing rhizodeposits

The properties and functions of biochars in forest ecosystems

Biochars in Soils: Towards the Required Level of Scientific Understanding

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