Plant carotenoids: pigments for photoprotection, visual attraction, and human health.

Bartley, Glenn E.; Scolnik, Pablo A.

doi:10.1105/tpc.7.7.1027

Cited by 503 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

241

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…NPQ is used by photosynthetic cells under high light to avoid photodamage, such as degradation of pigments and enzymes by reactive oxygen species produced in de-excitation of the triplet state of Chl ( Photosynthetic organisms employ various mechanisms to avoid photodamage, where heat dissipation through NPQ is just one effective short-term way to get rid of excess energy. Long-term regulation, and thereby protection, can be achieved by regulating the amount of light-harvesting and carotenoid pigments [6,7]. Corals acclimatized to high irradiance often appear more transparent than those acclimatized to low light conditions owing to lower pigment concentrations per cell or the spatial organization of chloroplasts ensuring a lower absorption cross section [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative energy budget reveals high photosynthetic efficiency in symbiont-bearing corals

Brodersen

Lichtenberg

Ralph

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The light field on coral reefs varies in intensity and spectral composition, and is the key regulating factor for phototrophic reef organisms, for example scleractinian corals harbouring microalgal symbionts. However, the actual efficiency of light utilization in corals and the mechanisms affecting the radiative energy budget of corals are underexplored. We present the first balanced light energy budget for a symbiont-bearing coral based on a fine-scale study of the microenvironmental photobiology of the massive coral Montastrea curta. The majority (more than 96%) of the absorbed light energy was dissipated as heat, whereas the proportion of the absorbed light energy used in photosynthesis was approximately 4.0% under an irradiance of 640 mmol photons m 22 s 21. With increasing irradiance, the proportion of heat dissipation increased at the expense of photosynthesis. Despite such low energy efficiency, we found a high photosynthetic efficiency of the microalgal symbionts showing high gross photosynthesis rates and quantum efficiencies (QEs) of approximately 0.1 O 2 photon 21 approaching theoretical limits under moderate irradiance levels. Corals thus appear as highly efficient light collectors with optical properties enabling light distribution over the corallite/tissue microstructural canopy that enables a high photosynthetic QE of their photosynthetic microalgae in hospite.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative energy budget reveals high photosynthetic efficiency in symbiont-bearing corals

Brodersen

Lichtenberg

Ralph

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, flower color is determined by three classes of pigments: flavonoids, carotenoids and betalains. Flavonoids are the major contributors in the determination of a range of colors such as yellow, orange, red and purple; and the carotenoids are the red, orange and yellow lipid-soluble pigments found embedded in the membranes of choroplasts and chromoplasts [1] [2]. The third class of pigments, betalains, can be found only in certain plant species of the Carophyllales and in some higher fungi such as fly agaric [2] [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming the Snapdragon Aurone Biosynthetic Genes into Petunia Alters Coloration Patterns in Transgenic Flowers

Wang¹,

Chin²,

Lin³

et al. 2015

ABB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aurones belong to a small class of flavonoids that provide yellow color in some floricultural plants including snapdragon. To explore novel flower coloration, two full-length cDNAs encoding chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase (designated as SRY4'CGT) and aureusidin synthase (designated as SRYAS1) in the aurone biosynthetic pathway were cloned from yellow flowers of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus cv. Ribbon Yellow). Binary vectors were constructed and transformed separately into Petunia hybrida harboring blue flowers. Only a few flowers in 4 out of 9 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants showed variegated blue-white sectors; as time passed, amounts of variegated flowers and proportion of white sectors in the background blue color of the new-born flowers gradually increased, until finally, the petal color was completely white in all late-born flowers. In contrast, a few flowers in 3 out of 13 transgenic SRYAS1 plants showed variegated blue-white sectors; but, the amounts of variegated flowers did not increase over the whole flowering stage, and no complete white flowers were observed. RNA samples isolated from blue and white sectors of T1 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, transgenic SRY4'CGT transcripts were detected in both sectors; however, transcripts of an upstream gene, chalcone synthase (CHS), were abundantly detected in the blue sectors but largely reduced in the white sectors, suggesting that the expression of CHS gene was suppressed in white sectors of transgenic plants. Furthermore, HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated cyandin, malvidin and their derivatives were absent in white sectors, causing the white phenotype. Our findings may be attractive to molecular breeders.

show abstract

“…There are scientific evidences linking the antioxidant properties of such carotenoids (Bartley and Scolnik 1995;Kiokias and Gordon 2003) with reduction of the reactive oxygen species/nitric oxide induced by diabetes (Rossoni-Júnior et al 2012) and the risk of cancer and other chronic conditions such as coronary heart disease (Cunningham and Gantt 1998). In addition, carotenoids have important functions in relation to human health and nutrition, since all species that contain a β-ring can be converted into retinol and, therefore, are precursors of vitamin A.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Somatic Embryogenesis in Annatto (Bixa orellana L.)

Matos

Koehler

Faria

et al. 2016

Somatic Embryogenesis: Fundamental Aspects and Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Our research group has pioneered the work on somatic embryogenesis of Bixa orellana (annatto), and since then we have directed efforts in understanding several aspects of this morphogenic pathway in annatto. Here, we present a synthetic description of such works, emphasizing anatomical analyzes and the characterization of the cellular alterations that occur in the process, and the association of the SERK gene expression and somatic embryogenesis. These results are unprecedented and contribute to a better understanding of the processes involving

show abstract

Plant carotenoids: pigments for photoprotection, visual attraction, and human health.

Cited by 503 publications

References 57 publications

Radiative energy budget reveals high photosynthetic efficiency in symbiont-bearing corals

Radiative energy budget reveals high photosynthetic efficiency in symbiont-bearing corals

Transforming the Snapdragon Aurone Biosynthetic Genes into Petunia Alters Coloration Patterns in Transgenic Flowers

Somatic Embryogenesis in Annatto (Bixa orellana L.)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About