Plant clonality, mutation, diplontic selection and mutational meltdown

Klekowski, Edward J.

doi:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00183.x

Cited by 86 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Somatic mutations result in minor DNA variation within clonal lineages (James & McDougall 2014) and it is suggested that old clones may accumulate somatic mutations to a greater extent (Wyman et al 2003, Tuskan et al 2006, Mock et al 2008. Understanding the development of somaclonal variation requires closer attention because older and slowly-growing clones could have levels of mutations similar to those of younger, faster-growing clones, as the mutation rate is expected to be proportional to the number of mitotic divisions (Klekowski 2003, Ally et al 2008, James & McDougall 2014. As somatic mutations accumulate in clones, the remaining stems may appear to be genetically distinct clones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal structure and high genetic diversity at peripheral populations of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz.

Jankowska-Wróblewska¹,

Meyza²,

Sztupecka³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Knowing the level of genetic diversity and structure in marginal plant populations is essential for managing their genetic resources. This is particularly important for rare scattered tree species, such as Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. We investigated the genetic diversity and its spatial distribution in peripheral populations of S. torminalis. As the species is known to reproduce vegetatively, we also evaluated clonal structure within populations. Using 13 nuclear microsatellite loci designed in two multiplexes, we genotyped 172 individuals revealing the existence of 100 distinct genotypes. Number of ramets per genotype was variable across populations with an average of 1.72. Examples of somaclonal variation at particular loci were detected. Measures of genetic diversity of the total sample were relatively high (mean allelic richness AR = 10.293; expected heterozygosity He = 0.756), as compared to other S. torminalis populations. We noticed a slightly negative inbreeding coefficient (FIS = -0.029) indicating a small excess of heterozygotes, which is typical for self-incompatible plants. Genetic differentiation among populations was low (FST = 0.048), but Bayesian clustering methods revealed the existence of three distinct genetic clusters only in part related to population structure. Significant spatial genetic structure within populations was also detected (Sp = 0.0125) indicating fine-scale pattern of isolation by distance. Our study demonstrated that peripheral populations of S. torminalis may exhibit relatively high levels of genetic diversity despite the existence of vegetative propagation. Nevertheless, if the studied or similar populations are expected to be utilized as seed sources for ex-situ or in-situ conservation purposes, the existence of clonal structure and spatial genetic structure must be taken into account in order to avoid excessive sampling of the same or closely related genets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal structure and high genetic diversity at peripheral populations of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz.

Jankowska-Wróblewska¹,

Meyza²,

Sztupecka³

et al. 2016

iForest

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“…First, the demography of seaweeds, like that of many clonal taxa, depends more on size than age (Caswell 1985;Collado-Vides 2002), enabling variants to readily accumulate in genetic individuals (genets) that avoid senescence by continually generating new modules. Second, like ferns and fern allies, growth in seaweeds frequently results from the serial mitotic divisions of single-celled apical meristems, ensuring the spread of acquired mutations to all derived modules (Klekowski 2003). Virtually any diploid cell-including those of mutant lineages-may potentially yield gametes (Santelices 1990), whereas variants arising in the multicellular meristems of seed plants do not necessarily pass to subsequent modules, and only those affecting floral primordia are sexually transmissible (Whitham and Slobodchickoff 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential for Evolutionary Responses to Cell‐Lineage Selection on Growth Form and Its Plasticity in a Red Seaweed

Monro

Poore

2009

The American Naturalist

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. abstract: Despite much theoretical discussion on the evolutionary significance of intraclonal genetic variation, particularly for modular organisms whose lack of germ-soma segregation allows for variants arising in clonal growth to contribute to evolutionary change, the potential of this variation to fuel adaptation remains surprisingly untested. Given intraclonal variation, mitotic cell lineages, rather than sexual offspring, may frequently act as units of selection. Here, we applied artificial selection to such lineages in the branching red seaweed Asparagopsis armata, targeting aspects of clonal growth form and growth-form plasticity that enhance light acquisition on patchy subtidal reefs and predicting that a genetic basis to intraclonal variation may promote significant responses that cannot accompany phenotypic variation alone. Cell-lineage selection increased variation in branch proliferation among A. armata genets and successfully altered its plasticity to light. Correlated responses in the plasticity of branch elongation, moreover, showed that cell-lineage selection may be transmitted among the plasticities of growth-form traits in A. armata via pleiotropy. By demonstrating significant responses to celllineage selection on growth-form plasticity in this seaweed, our study lends support to the notion that intraclonal genetic variation may potentially help clonal organisms to evolve adaptively in the absence of sex and thereby prove surprisingly resilient to environmental change.

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“…At the same time, plants cannot escape environmental hazards, such as drought, high salinity, or heavy metals in the soil, all of which cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, and, consequently, mutations (10). Particularly in the shoot meristem, somatic mutations within the stem cell population can become fixed, contribute to the germline, and reduce reproductive fitness (11). Therefore, protection from DNA damage should be especially important within plant stem cell niches.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hypersensitivity to DNA damage in plant stem cell niches

Fulcher

Sablowski

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

243

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The growing apices of plants contain stem cells that continually produce tissues, which, in the shoot, include the germline. These stem cell populations remain active throughout the plant's life, which can last for centuries, and are particularly exposed to environmental hazards that cause DNA damage and mutations. It is not known whether plants have mechanisms to safeguard the genome specifically in these crucial cell populations. Here, we show that root and shoot stem cells and their early descendants are selectively killed by mild treatment with radiomimetic drugs, x-rays, or mutations that disrupt DNA repair by nonhomologous end-joining. Stem cell death required transduction of DNA damage signals by the ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) kinase and, specifically in the root, also the ATM/RAD3-RELATED (ATR) kinase. Consistent with the absence of p53 and the core apoptotic machinery in plants, death of the stem cells did not show apoptotic but autolytic features as seen in other cases of plant developmentally programmed cell death. We propose that plants have independently evolved selective death as a stringent mechanism to safeguard genome integrity in their stem cell populations.Arabidopsis ͉ double-strand breaks ͉ meristem ͉ programmed cell death

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Plant clonality, mutation, diplontic selection and mutational meltdown

Cited by 86 publications

References 38 publications

Clonal structure and high genetic diversity at peripheral populations of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz.

Clonal structure and high genetic diversity at peripheral populations of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz.

The Potential for Evolutionary Responses to Cell‐Lineage Selection on Growth Form and Its Plasticity in a Red Seaweed

Hypersensitivity to DNA damage in plant stem cell niches

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