Plant‐Derived Urease Inhibitors as Alternative Chemotherapeutic Agents

Abstract

Inhibition of the metalloenzyme urease has important pharmacologic applications in the field of antiulcer and antigastric cancer agents. Urease is involved in many serious infections caused by Helicobacter pylori in the gastric tract as well as by Proteus and related species in the urinary tract. Although numerous studies have described several novel urease inhibitors (UIs) used for the treatment of gastric and urinary infections, all these compounds have exhibited severe side effects, toxicity, and instability. Therefore, to overcome such problems, it is necessary to search for new sources of UIs, such as natural products, that provide reduced side effects, low toxicity, greater stability, and bioavailability. As limited studies have been conducted on plant-derived UIs, this paper aims to highlight and summarize the most promising compounds isolated and identified from plants, such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and other substances with inhibitory activities against plant and bacterial ureases; these are in vitro and in vivo studies with an emphasis on structure-activity relationship studies and types of inhibition that show high and promising levels of anti-urease activity. This will aid medicinal chemists in the design and synthesis of novel and pharmacologically potent UIs useful for the development of antiulcer drugs.

Therapeutic Applications of Rose Hips from Different Rosa Species

“…The authors did not delve into the concrete phytochemical that performs this inhibition, but the anti-urease activity of certain phenolic compounds has been well demonstrated [205]. Therefore, phenolic content of Rosa indica are the most likely urease inhibitor agents.…”

Utility of anthranilic acid and diethylacetylenedicarboxylate for the synthesis of nitrogenous organo/organometallic compounds as urease inhibitors

“…Recently, Macegoniuk et al described the potent urease inhibitory activity of several unsaturated carbonyl compounds, with acetylenedicarboxylic acid II , and dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate III (Figure ) being the most potent. Additionally, benzimidazole‐based antiulcer drug, rabeprazole, various carboxylic acids, piperazine derivatives, dioxopyrroles, and metal complexes displayed potent urease inhibitory activity (Figure ).…”

Limited effectiveness of over-the-counter plant preparations used for the treatment of urinary tract infections as inhibitors of the urease activity fromStaphylococcus saprophyticus

“…). These preparations may contain inhibitors with diverse chemical structures (Hassan and Zemlička ). A number of potentially useful plants have been identified in this way, which have been incorporated into commercial products (Albrecht et al .…”

“…In looking for new products that might be used to treat UTIs, investigators have tested many plant extracts as inhibitors of urease activity using the enzymes from Jack Beans (Canavalia ensiformis), P. mirabilis or Helicobacter pylori as model systems (Ghous et al 2010;Biglar et al 2012;Nabati et al 2012;Amin et al 2013;Bai et al 2015;Mahernia et al 2015;Modolo et al 2015). These preparations may contain inhibitors with diverse chemical structures (Hassan and Zemli cka 2016). A number of potentially useful plants have been identified in this way, which have been incorporated into commercial products (Albrecht et al 2007;Naber 2013).…”