Plant extract-assisted biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial application

Abstract

ZnO nanoparticles are multi-purposes materials that can be synthesized by several methods, including physical and chemical routes. A novel synthesis method of ZnO nanoparticles is the biological method using plant extracts as reducing and capping agents, such as the fruit extract of Averrhoa bilimbi. Plant extracts are superior agents for synthesizing nanoparticles because it provides essential phytochemical substances as reductor, capping agents, and free from toxicants. In this study, the effects of precursor concentrations and the amount of plant extract on the formation and morphology of nanoparticles were investigated. The characteristics of ZnO particles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, TEM, and DLS. The study showed that the formation of ZnO nanoparticles occurred after five hours reaction at 70°C, as indicated by color change of the solution. ZnO nanoparticle formation was confirmed by the maximum absorption at the wavelength of 372 nm and XRD analysis. FTIR analysis showed that the as-synthesized ZnO contained significant organic compounds on its surface, especially compared to commercial ZnO. Reduction reactions using A.bilimbi produce nanoparticles in the size from 35.4 to 59.5 nm with round shape and some agglomeration that were observed by TEM. The ZnO antibacterial property was tested against planktonic and biofilm Escherichia coli. The result showed that as-synthesized ZnO have comparable antibacterial antibiofilm property as the commercial ZnO nanoparticles at low concentration. Interestingly, this property was diminished when as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were used at high concentrations.

Cow dung extract mediated green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles for agricultural applications

“…Rahayu et al synthesized ZnO nanoparticles by using fruit extract of Averrhoa bilimbi as reducing and capping agents. They observed that during the synthesis process at 70 °C 47 . The formation of deep white precipitate and faster evaporation of solvent has occurred.…”

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Bio Synthesised Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Morinda umbellata Leaf Extract

“…FTIR spectra of the biosynthesized nanoparticles were recorded by scanning the particles in the range 400-4000 cm -1 using Thermo Nicolet, Avatar 370' FTIR spectrometer by KBr disc method. The crystalline morphology and phase structure of the synthesised nanoparticles were determined by X-ray diffractometer with high intensity CuKα radiation over the 2θ range of 20-80 °.The average crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer equation [27].…”

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“…There are many methods to prepare zinc nanoparticles. Physical methods, for example, include melt mixing, laser ablation, electric deposition, ball milling, physical vapour deposition, sputter deposition, and ion implantation (Rahayu et al, 2020). While Sol-gel, chemical-mechanical synthesis, microwave method, thermal evaporation, hydrothermal technique, vapor transport synthesis, and precipitation method are some chemical methods used to make nano-zinc oxide (Sabir et al, 2014).…”

“…The precursor concentration of zinc nitrate has a significant impact on the production of nano-ZnO when Aloe vera extract is employed according to (Rasli et al, 2020). These compounds include enzymes, proteins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, soaps, and others, which play a key role in the reduction process of particles (Lakshmeesha et al, 2019 andRahayu et al, 2020). In addition, using zinc acetate compound as a starting material and adding Ixora coccinea leaf extract, (Yedurkar et al, 2016) were able to generate spherical zinc oxide nanoparticles with a high degree of stability.…”