Plant Extracts, Residues, and Soil Minerals in Relation to Competition of Quackgrass with Oats and Alfalfa

Ohman, John H.; Kommedahl, Thor

doi:10.2307/4040735

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(3) In some instances bioassays have been repeated under more natural conditions or with more appropriate controls and shown to be invalid as indicators of allelopathy (Howard 1925;Bonner 1946;Keever 1950;Ohman & Kommedahl 1964;Gregg 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and its Influence on the Distribution of Plants in an Illinois Old-Field

Stowe¹

1979

The Journal of Ecology

141

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. British Ecological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Ecology. SUMMARY(1) A whole-community investigation of allelopathy in an old-field in Illinois was undertaken, by comparing bioassay results with association patterns in the field.(2) The seven most abundant species in the field were tested upon each other in nine commonly-used bioassays. Eight of the nine bioassays gave many cases of statistically significant inhibition, and strong phytotoxicity was exhibited by species which have not previously been suspected of being allelopathic and which show no readily-observable signs of allelopathy in the field.(3) Autotoxicity was found to be as severe as allotoxicity, indicating that the species have not evolved resistance to their own inhibitors.(4) When the distribution patterns of species in the field were statistically compared with the results of each of the bioassays in turn, no significant correlations were found.(5) It was concluded that the types of allelopathy which were tested by these bioassays were not demonstrably effective under field conditions, that perhaps any species can be shown to have allelopathic properties in bioassays, and that bioassays may, for many communities, have no ecological meaning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathy and its Influence on the Distribution of Plants in an Illinois Old-Field

Stowe¹

1979

The Journal of Ecology

141

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“…Investigations on toxin production by perennials have been concentrated mainly on Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv., a common weed in temperate climate areas (Kommedahl, Kotheimer & Bernardini, 1959;Ohman & Kommedahl, 1964;Welbank, 1960Welbank, , 1963.…”

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Phytotoxicity of Subterranean Residues of Three Perennial Weeds*

Friedman

Horowitz

1970

Weed Research

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“…) in fields previously infested with quackgrass (Weston and Putnam 1986). While live plants may not produce allelopathic toxins (Ohman and Kommedahl 1964), decaying residues have been reported by several authors to be phytotoxic (Lynch 1978;Lynch et al 1980;Penn and Lynch 1981). Toxicity may occur after suppressing quackgrass with a nonresidual herbicide prior to seeding (Weston and Putnam 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY OF QUACKGRASS (Agropyron repens) EXTRACTS AND RESIDUES ON ALFALFA (Medicago sativa)

Touchette¹,

Leroux²,

Deschênes³

1988

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Experiments were conducted to characterize the allelopathic activity of quackgrass on alfalfa. Both percent germination and seedling length of alfalfa were recorded to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous extracts from rhizomes or shoots of field-grown quackgrass harvested at three stages of growth in 1984 and 1985. The length of alfalfa seedlings was more sensitive to extracts than was percentage of germination. Aqueous solutions simulating levels of salinity, cyanide content and osmotic pressure equivalent to those found in quackgrass extracts did not affect the growth of alfalfa seedlings. Only quackgrass extracts were phytotoxic to alfalfa. Similar results with hot and cold extraction procedures demonstrated that temperature did not influence the release of water-soluble toxins. Shoot extracts were generally more toxic than were rhizome extracts. Shoot extracts were more inhibitory to alfalfa seedlings when quackgrass was harvested at the vegetative stage than at later stages. Rhizome extracts did not influence the germination of alfalfa, whereas shoot extracts of vegetative quackgrass did in 1985 but not in 1984. The tolerance of alfalfa to rhizome and shoot extracts differed among eight alfalfa varieties. Incorporation of rhizome and shoot residues into the soil caused a similar level of yield reduction, whereas peat moss residues did not influence alfalfa yield. When quackgrass residues were incorporated into soil at various times before seeding, the yields of alfalfa were progressively reduced as the period of incubation was shortened. The incorporation of peat moss did not reduce the yield of alfalfa at any periods.Key words: Allelopathy, quackgrass, alfalfa, aqueous extracts, plant residues, Agropyron repens

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Plant Extracts, Residues, and Soil Minerals in Relation to Competition of Quackgrass with Oats and Alfalfa

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Allelopathy and its Influence on the Distribution of Plants in an Illinois Old-Field

Allelopathy and its Influence on the Distribution of Plants in an Illinois Old-Field

Phytotoxicity of Subterranean Residues of Three Perennial Weeds*

ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY OF QUACKGRASS (Agropyron repens) EXTRACTS AND RESIDUES ON ALFALFA (Medicago sativa)

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