Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Improvement as Tools to Develop Sustainable Agriculture

Ceccarelli, Salvatore; Valkoun, J.; Erskine, William; Weigand, S.; Miller, Ron; Leur, J. A. G. van

doi:10.1017/s0014479700023036

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In fact, high input varieties do not always have enough plasticity to adapt to diverse environmental events that characterise tropical and subtropical areas. Thus genetic variability present in landraces serves to avoid crop failure by reducing vulnerability to diseases, pests and environmental stresses (Ceccarelli et al 1992;de Boef et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity assessment in Somali sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using microsatellite markers

et al. 2006

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In the north-western region of Somalia, bordering Ethiopia, sorghum represents an important resources for human and animal nutrition. The critical situation of Somalia is threatening the preservation of this valuable resource and it becomes urgent to develop a strategy of correct evaluation of the sorghum germplasm in order to promote conservation and preservation programs. Microsatellites, also known as Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), are reproducible molecular markers useful in assessing the level of genetic diversity of plants. A total of 5 sorghum SSR-specific primer pairs were used to assess the genetic diversity of Somali sorghum landraces. Extensive variation was found at the microsatellite loci analysed, except for a locus that resulted in a monomorphic for some accessions. Considerable differences were found between total and effective number of alleles indicating non uniform allele frequency. Moreover allele frequency at a single locus significantly changed among accessions. Total gene diversity calculated for each locus ranged from 0.44 to 0.79. Most of the genetic diversity occurred within accessions demonstrating that accessions are not under selection processes and/or there is a continuous exchange of genes between sorghum populations. In any case, the patterns of clustering were significantly affected by the presence/absence of some alleles with high discriminant weight. Accessions Carabi, Abaadiro, Masego Cas and Masego Cad represent distinct genotypes confirming finding observed in previous phenotypic studies. The results highlight the central role of local farmers in maintaining and shaping local germplasm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity assessment in Somali sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using microsatellite markers

et al. 2006

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“…modern) varieties (Almekinders et al 1994;Almekinders and Elings 2001). It has sometimes been argued that the introduction of formal varieties halts this process in its tracks, and thus reduces genetic diversity in farming systems (Altieri and Merrick 1987;Ceccarelli et al 1992). Modernisation of agriculture tends to replace large numbers of farmer varieties with small numbers of formal varieties (Cooper et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics in genetic diversity in upland rice and late millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in The Gambia

Nuijten

Treuren

2007

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Ambiguity exists about the level of genetic diversity represented by farmer crop varieties, how it develops over time and how it relates to the diversity comprised by formal varieties. As part of an interdisciplinary technological/sociological study on farmer management of gene flow, upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and late millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) from The Gambia were investigated for morphological and molecular variation. The goal of these analyses was to obtain insight into the level of crop genetic diversity of farmer's materials planted in several case study villages in The Gambia. For both crops, samples were collected from villages and various research institutes. Based on variety names, different rice and millet varieties were expected to be used in different villages. In fact, there was a large overlap in genetic diversity for both crops, masked by the use of synonyms. The considerable similarity in rice genetic diversity between villages most likely results from the exchange of varieties between farmers. For millet this seems the result of development of varieties from the same gene pool. Some farmer varieties of rice, however, are apparent hybrid forms between the species O. sativa and O. glaberrima Steud., and farmer varieties in general displayed higher levels of genetic diversity than formal varieties. This indicates that, for rice, genetic diversity develops in farmers' fields and may have potential use in formal breeding programs.

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“…The expected increase of biofuel monoculture production may lead to increased rates of biodiversity loss and genetic erosion. Another serious consequence of the loss of biodiversity has been the displacement of locally adapted varieties, which may hold the secret of adaptation to the future climate Ceccarelli et al 1992;Grando et al 2001;Sarker and Erskine 2006;Rodriguez et al 2008;Abay and Bjørnstad 2009;Ceccarelli 2012a).…”

Section: How Do Crops Cope With Climate Changes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory Breeding for Climate Change-Related Traits

Ceccarelli¹,

Galiè

Grando

2013

Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops

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After a review of the effects of climate changes on food security and agricultural production, the chapter relates modern plant breeding, as opposed to farmers' breeding practiced for millennia, with the decrease of agrobiodiversity. It underlines the contradiction between the unanimous recognition of the importance of biodiversity and the tendency towards uniformity of modern plant breeding, which, combined with the increased consolidation of the seed industry, is causing a dramatic decrease of cultivated biodiversity. This is exactly the opposite of what is required to adapt crops to climate changes. Although a suite of traits play an important role in the adaptation of crops to climate changes, it is also important to recognize that climate changes are a moving target and therefore the emphasis should not be so much on which trait to breed for but rather to adopt breeding strategies that allow a highly dynamic and efficient system of variety deployment in farmers' fields. Participatory plant breeding, whose technical aspects are described in detail, has the capability of increasing agricultural production at farm level by exploiting specific adaptation, thus increasing at the same time agrobiodiversity. Participatory plant breeding, integrated with evolutionary plant breeding, should become the model of plant breeding used by the plant breeding programs of the CGIAR centers.

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Plant Genetic Resources and Plant Improvement as Tools to Develop Sustainable Agriculture

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Genetic diversity assessment in Somali sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity assessment in Somali sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using microsatellite markers

Spatial and temporal dynamics in genetic diversity in upland rice and late millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in The Gambia

Participatory Breeding for Climate Change-Related Traits

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