Plant Growth Regulators Alter Kentucky Bluegrass Canopy Leaf Area and Carbon Exchange

Beasley, Jeffrey S.; Branham, B. E.; Spomer, L. Art

doi:10.2135/cropsci2005.11.0432

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The results of this study in conjunction with previously conducted experiments examining PGR effects on turf CERs fail to provide a clear cause‐and‐effect relationship between PGR altered CERs and reduced clipping production (Beasley and Branham, 2007; Gaussoin et al, 1997; Spokas and Cooper, 1991). Patterns of CER alteration from PGR applications appear to fluctuate greatly for gibberellin inhibitors.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Patterns of CER alteration from PGR applications appear to fluctuate greatly for gibberellin inhibitors. The effects of PGRs on CERs are the result of, or a combination of, leaf and tiller production, changes in leaf morphology, increased chlorophyll density, and changes in sink demand for photoassimilates (Beasley and Branham, 2007; Gaussoin et al, 1997; Spokas and Cooper, 1991). Since TE and PAC are metabolized quickly within plant tissues, fluctuations in single‐leaf CERs from TE and PAC applications may be in response to changes in plant photoassimilate demand and growth patterns and not the cause of altered growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trinexapac‐ethyl and Paclobutrazol Affect Kentucky Bluegrass Single‐Leaf Carbon Exchange Rates and Plant Growth

Beasley

Branham

2007

Crop Science

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Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) [4‐(cyclopropyl‐α‐hydroxy‐methylene)‐3,5‐dioxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester] and paclobutrazol (PAC) [(2RS,3RS)‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)pentan‐3‐ol] are routinely used to suppress clipping production. Single‐leaf turfgrass C exchange rates (CERs) in response to plant growth regulator (PGR) treatment have not been characterized. Individual Kentucky bluegrass (KBG, Poa pratensis L.) plants received label rates of TE or PAC and were placed in growth chambers at 23/18 or 30/25°C. Photosynthetic efficiency and CER measurements were recorded every 4 d for 44 d. Total root length (TRL), root surface area (SA), and average root diameter were measured at the end of the study. Reductions in CERs of TE‐ or PAC‐treated plants were short lived with CERs suppressed 17 to 29% of control (POC) at 4 and 12 days after treatment (DAT), respectively. Plants treated at 23/18°C with PGRs typically had short‐lived increases in CERs following CER suppression. A similar pattern of CER response to PGR treatment was observed at the 30/25°C temperature regime. Quantum efficiency was unaffected, but plants treated with PGRs had reduced root growth. PAC caused the greatest reduction in TRL and SA while increasing root diameter. A decline in TRL and SA in conjunction with increased tillering indicates that PGR reduced TRL and SA on a tiller basis. Changes in single‐leaf CERs do not fully explain PGR‐induced changes in plant growth.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trinexapac‐ethyl and Paclobutrazol Affect Kentucky Bluegrass Single‐Leaf Carbon Exchange Rates and Plant Growth

Beasley

Branham

2007

Crop Science

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“…Temperature has been reported to affect TE efficacy on hybrid bermudagrass and Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L.) (Lickfeldt et al, 2001; Fagerness et al, 2002; Beasley and Branham, 2007; Beasley et al, 2007). Fagerness et al (2002) showed that TE provided greater growth suppression duration and magnitude of ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass at 20/10°C day/night air temperatures as opposed to 35/25°C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous two studies explored TE efficacy at different air temperatures controlled within growth chamber experiments. Beasley et al (2007) and Lickfeldt et al (2001) showed TE applications were more effective on Kentucky bluegrass (i.e., greater magnitude and duration of growth suppression) during cooler air temperatures of the spring and fall compared with applications during summer months.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Degree Day Models for Plant Growth Regulator Applications on Ultradwarf Hybrid Bermudagrass Putting Greens

et al. 2018

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Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly applied to ultradwarf hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] putting greens during the growing season. Trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) and prohexadione‐Ca (PH) are PGRs that inhibit gibberellic acid biosynthesis and are used to reduce clipping yield and improve turfgrass visual quality. Growing degree day (GDD) models have optimized the timing of PGR reapplications to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting greens, but no information is available regarding proper PGR reapplication timing on bermudagrass putting greens. The objective of this research was to develop a GDD model to determine optimal TE and PH application frequencies on bermudagrass putting greens. Field research was conducted on three ultradwarf cultivars at separate locations in the southeastern United States: ‘MiniVerde’ in Knoxville, TN, ‘Champion’ in Durham, NC, and ‘TifEagle’ in Starkville, MS. Peak yield suppression was 49 to 65% after TE application at 0.034 kg a.i. ha−1 and 50 to 54% after 0.154 kg PH ha−1. Peak suppression occurred later for TE (166–177 GDD calculated using 10°C as the base temperature [GDD10C]) than for PH (92–97 GDD10C), which resulted in an estimated PGR reapplication interval of 216 to 230 for TE and 120 to 126 GDD10C for PH. Enhanced clipping yield and rebound did not follow clipping yield suppression. The use of a GDD model to schedule PGR applications on bermudagrass putting greens has the potential to maximize PGR benefits; however, season‐long implementation of this GDD model needs comparison with current PGR programs used on ultradwarf putting surfaces.

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“…Such measures can be divided into three main categories: (i) the selection and breeding of genotypes with improved drought tolerance; (ii) an increase in the soil retention capacity and reduction of evaporation from soil surface, and (iii) cultivation measures improving the efficient use of water by plants, which include, for example, the use of growth regulators. In general, the growth regulators can contribute to improving effective use of water in particular by increasing the rooting depth or root water extraction from soil (Marcum and Jiang 1997), increasing the root:shoot ratio (Rajala and Peltonen-Sainio 2001), reducing leaf area (Beasley et al 2007) and accumulation of osmoregulatory substances (Akram et al 2012), increasing the accumulation of antioxidants (Wu and von Tiedemann 2001), supporting stomatal regulation (Bingham and McCabe 2006), reducing rate of leaf senescence (Cromey et al 2004) etc. However, very often contradictory effects of plant regulators on plant physiology and yield formation under water deficit are reported (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of application of growth regulators on the physiological and yield parameters of winter wheat under water deficit

Barányiová¹,

Klem²

2016

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth regulator applications on yield and physiological parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit. Water deficit was induced artificially by using rain-out shelters in period between booting and late milk ripeness. The effect of growth regulators was evaluated in two contrast years in terms of yield formation (2014)(2015). In both years the water deficit caused a significant reduction of grain yield. The negative effect of water deficit was partly alleviated by application of growth regulators. However, the effect of individual growth regulators varied depending on year. In favourable conditions for grain filling (2014) the alleviating effect was more pronounced in application of azoxystrobin which slows down the leaf senescence. On the contrary, in the year with suitable conditions for tillering (2015), the alleviating effect was most apparent in application of chlormequate-chloride. The applications of trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon showed small reduction of negative effect of water deficit consistently in both years. The CO 2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance were recovered particularly by applications of chlormequate-chloride and azoxystrobin. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were more affected by water deficit in 2014, and the alleviating effect of growth regulators corresponded with yield response.

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Plant Growth Regulators Alter Kentucky Bluegrass Canopy Leaf Area and Carbon Exchange

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Trinexapac‐ethyl and Paclobutrazol Affect Kentucky Bluegrass Single‐Leaf Carbon Exchange Rates and Plant Growth

Trinexapac‐ethyl and Paclobutrazol Affect Kentucky Bluegrass Single‐Leaf Carbon Exchange Rates and Plant Growth

Growing Degree Day Models for Plant Growth Regulator Applications on Ultradwarf Hybrid Bermudagrass Putting Greens

Effect of application of growth regulators on the physiological and yield parameters of winter wheat under water deficit

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