Plant Growth Responses to Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhiza

Owusu‐Bennoah, E.; Mosse, Barbara

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb02299.x

Cited by 70 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, Trifolium was the only plant species where total biomass differed significantly between the CT and the NT treatments (Appendix D: Table D1). Previous work has shown that legumes can vary in their response to inoculation with different AMF taxa (Owusu-Bennoah and Mosse 1979, Drew et al 2003, Scheublin et al 2007. Hence, the differences in AMF community composition between the CT and NT treatments could explain differences in Trifolium biomass production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota

Köhl

Oehl

Heijden

2014

Ecological Applications

122

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Abstract. It is well established that agricultural practices alter the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities. However, the impact of changing soil microbial communities on the functioning of the agroecosystems is still poorly understood. Earlier work showed that soil tillage drastically altered microbial community composition. Here we tested, using an experimental grassland (Lolium, Trifolium, Plantago) as a model system, whether soil microbial communities from conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (NT) soils have different influences on plant productivity and nutrient acquisition. We specifically focus on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as they are a group of beneficial soil fungi that can promote plant productivity and ecosystem functioning and are also strongly affected by tillage management.Soil microbial communities from CT and NT soils varied greatly in their effects on the grassland communities. Communities from CT soil increased overall biomass production more than soil communities from NT soil. This effect was mainly due to a significant growth promotion of Trifolium by CT microorganisms. In contrast to CT soil inoculum, NT soil inoculum increased plant phosphorus concentration and total plant P content, demonstrating that the soil microbial communities from NT fields enhance P uptake. Differences in AM fungal community composition resulting, for instance, in twofold greater hyphal length in NT soil communities when compared to CT, are the most likely explanation for the different plant responses to CT and NT soil inocula.A range of field studies have shown that plant P uptake increases when farmers change to conservation tillage or direct seeding. Our results indicate that this enhanced P uptake results from enhanced hyphal length and an altered AM fungal community. Our results further demonstrate that agricultural management practices indirectly influence ecosystem services and plant community structure through effects on soil biota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota

Köhl

Oehl

Heijden

2014

Ecological Applications

122

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“…Increases in yields brought about by VAM have been found in field experiments (Saif and Khan, 1977;Owusu-Bennoah and Mosse, 1979;Clarke and Mosse, 1981). From another field experiment it was concluded that it was unlikely that VAM had improved crop nutrition under the conditions examined (Black and Tinker, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…0-1 the growth increases in the grain were 63, 53 and 53 % respectively (mean 56) and in the straw 50, 38 and 45 % respectively (mean 44). For two different inocula Owusu-Bennoah and Mosse (1979) found 88 and 147% respectively increase in growth in barley shoots in a soil with a phosphate gradient from 8 to 11 p.p.m. NaHCOg soluble P, and 148 and 125 % respectively increase in a soil with a phosphate gradient from 11 to 13 p.p.m.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

INFLUENCE OF FOUR VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND GROWTH IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

Jensen

1982

New Phytologist

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Summary Barley was inoculated with Glomus constrictus, G. fasciculatus isolate no. 185, G. fasciculatus isolate no. 0–1 and Gigaspora margarita in sterilized soil in pots. Plants inoculated with G. constrictus and with G. fasciculatus isolates showed an increased total uptake of P, Cu and Zn, an increased yield of grain and an increased yield of straw. Plants inoculated with G. margarita did not differ from control plants in growth or P, Cu and Zn uptake. Increase of growth was not correlated with intensity of infection.

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“…Below ground respiration and partitioning within roots also were measured. Thus, all components of below ground partitioning of carbon have been quantified in the present study.Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM)4 fungi have been shown to increase growth and P uptake in a wide variety of forest and fruit trees (14,19,20) as well as agronomic crops (9,10,16). These fungi are assumed to be obligate symbionts because they have not been cultured axenically.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycorrhizal roots of several plant species have been shown to have greater rates of respiration (5,17,22) and fewer starch grains (11,16) than nonmycorrhizal roots. Differences in physiology between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots due solely to the presence or absence of the fungus have been difficult to measure. Shoots of VAM plants are usually more vigorous and contain higher levels of phosphorus than those of nonmycorrhizal plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Cost of the Fungal Symbiont Relative to Net Leaf P Accumulation in a Split-Root VA Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Douds¹,

Johnson²,

Koch³

1988

Plant Physiol.

149

128

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Translocation of '4C-photosynthates to mycorrhizal (+ +), half mycorrhizal (0+), and nonmycorrhizal (00) split-root systems was compared to P accumulation in leaves of the host plant. Carrizo citrange seedlings (Poncirus trifoliata [L.] Raf. x Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) were inoculated with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith. Plants were exposed to 14 CO2 for 10 minutes and ambient air for 2 hours. Three to 4% of recently labeled photosynthate was allocated to metabolism of the mycorrhiza in each inoculated root half independent of shoot P concentration, growth response, and whether one or both root halves were colonized. Nonmycorrhizal roots respired more of the label translocated to them than did mycorrhizal roots. Label recovered in the potting medium due to exudation or transport into extraradical hyphae was 5 to 6 times greater for (+ +) versus (00) plants. In low nutrient media, roots of (0+ ) and ( + + ) plants transported more P to leaves per root weight than roots of (00) plants. However, when C translocated to roots utilized for respiration, exudation, etc., as well as growth is considered, (00) plant roots were at least as efficient at P uptake (benefit) per C utilized (cost) as (0+) and (+ +) plants. Root systems of ( + + ) plants did not supply more P to leaves than (0+ ) plants in higher nutrient media, yet they still allocated twice the 14C-photosynthate to the mycorrhiza as did (0+) root systems. This indicates there is an optimal level of mycorrhizal colonization above which the plant receives no enhanced P uptake yet continues to partition photosynthates to metabolism of the mycorrhiza.ranged from 4 to 17% of fixed C (5, 12,13,17,22 (12). One can describe differences in root physiology without compounding effects of different shoots by inoculating one half-root system with a mycorrhizal fungus. In such a system, mycorrhizal root halves of sour orange and Carrizo citrange seedlings accumulated 3 to 5% more of total '4C-photosynthate than the paired nonmycorrhizal half-root system (12).The following experiments were conducted to detail C partitioning in below ground fractions of split-root Carrizo citrange and to quantify C cost relative to net P acquisition in leaves. The first portion of this objective was accomplished through the development of a method of wet acid digestion and oxidation of soil organic matter. Below ground respiration and partitioning within roots also were measured. Thus, all components of below ground partitioning of carbon have been quantified in the present study.Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM)4 fungi have been shown to increase growth and P uptake in a wide variety of forest and fruit trees (14,19,20) as well as agronomic crops (9,10,16). These fungi are assumed to be obligate symbionts because they have not been cultured axenically. As obligate symbionts they require organic compounds from their hosts, and indeed, the transfer of 14C-labeled compounds from host plant to VAM fungus has been noted (6,13

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Plant Growth Responses to Vesicular‐arbuscular Mycorrhiza

Cited by 70 publications

References 20 publications

Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota

Agricultural practices indirectly influence plant productivity and ecosystem services through effects on soil biota

INFLUENCE OF FOUR VESICULAR‐ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND GROWTH IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

Carbon Cost of the Fungal Symbiont Relative to Net Leaf P Accumulation in a Split-Root VA Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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