Plant history and soil history jointly influence the selection environment for plant species in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment

Dietrich, P.; Eisenhauer, Nico; Otto, Peter; Roscher, Christiane

doi:10.1002/ece3.7647

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The decline in ecological value and economic significance of grassland ecosystem functions demands prompt and effective restoration strategies (Gornish & Dos Santos, 2016). Nevertheless, there is a lack of long‐term studies on the crucial role of eco‐evolutionary interactions in grassland remnants and restorations across large‐scale environmental gradients (Etterson & Shaw, 2001; Gibson et al, 2013a; Willand et al, 2015; Porensky et al, 2016; Dietrich et al, 2021). Specifically, it is still unclear how grassland taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional biodiversity responds to intraspecific variability as the principal biotic filter across a broad climate gradient over time and whether evolutionarily closely related prairie species display convergent local adaptation of morphological and physiological traits during long‐term restoration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dominant prairie species ecotypes on plant diversity patterns of restored grasslands across a rainfall gradient in the US Great Plains

Ren

Baer

Johnson

et al. 2023

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions A robust ecosystem requires a functionally heterogeneous community of organisms with ecological traits that permit broad resource partitioning. Understanding community diversity patterns can help investigate drivers of community assembly and assess restoration success. Do biodiversity patterns differ among grassland communities sown with different ecotypes of dominant species during restoration along a rainfall gradient in the tallgrass prairie of the central US Great Plains? Location Four field sites across a rainfall gradient within the North American Great Plains: Colby, Kansas (39°23′17.8″N, 101°04′57.4″W), Hays, Kansas (38°51′13.2″N, 99°19′08.6″W), Manhattan, Kansas (39°08′22.3″N, 96°38′23.3″W), and Carbondale, Illinois (IL, 37°41′47.0″N, 89°14′19.2″W). Methods We applied linear mixed models to assess the effect of dominant species ecotype, year, and location on grassland taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Results The non‐local grass ecotype (compared to the local ecotype) promoted species richness. In contrast, the effect of the dominant species ecotype on phylogenetic or functional diversity was site‐specific over the 10‐year restoration. Richness decreased across the rainfall gradient from dry to moist sites, and the wettest site had the highest phylogenetic and functional diversity. Conclusions Our results suggest that abiotic filtering by rainfall is a key assembly mechanism that could predict grassland changes in biodiversity in the early restoration phases. Given the community response across the tallgrass prairie, restoration practitioners should consider the impact of regional sources of dominant species used in restoration when biodiversity is a restoration goal. It is recommended for future grassland restoration to detect gaps and limitations in evolutionary and trait structure that will reveal which diversity components to evaluate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dominant prairie species ecotypes on plant diversity patterns of restored grasslands across a rainfall gradient in the US Great Plains

Ren

Baer

Johnson

et al. 2023

Applied Vegetation Science

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“…In recent years, several processes have been identified that contribute to the positive relationship between plant diversity and biomass production, which may also have validity for the development of the biodiversity–EMF relationship with increasing community age. Among others, microevolutionary processes have recently been recognized to play a significant role in this development (Eisenhauer et al., 2019), that is, plant and soil communities adjust to each other over time, increasing plant community productivity (Dietrich et al., 2021; Hahl et al., 2020; van Moorsel et al., 2021; Zuppinger‐Dingley et al., 2014). This is confirmed by the results of our history treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant diversity and community age stabilize ecosystem multifunctionality

Dietrich,

Ebeling,

Meyer

et al. 2024

Global Change Biology

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It is well known that biodiversity positively affects ecosystem functioning, leading to enhanced ecosystem stability. However, this knowledge is mainly based on analyses using single ecosystem functions, while studies focusing on the stability of ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) are rare. Taking advantage of a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment, we studied the effect of plant diversity (1–60 species) on EMF over 5 years, its temporal stability, as well as multifunctional resistance and resilience to a 2‐year drought event. Using split‐plot treatments, we further tested whether a shared history of plants and soil influences the studied relationships. We calculated EMF based on functions related to plants and higher‐trophic levels. Plant diversity enhanced EMF in all studied years, and this effect strengthened over the study period. Moreover, plant diversity increased the temporal stability of EMF and fostered resistance to reoccurring drought events. Old plant communities with shared plant and soil history showed a stronger plant diversity–multifunctionality relationship and higher temporal stability of EMF than younger communities without shared histories. Our results highlight the importance of old and biodiverse plant communities for EMF and its stability to extreme climate events in a world increasingly threatened by global change.

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The multiple-mechanisms hypothesis of biodiversity–stability relationships

Eisenhauer,

Mueller,

Ebeling

et al. 2024

Basic and Applied Ecology

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Plant history and soil history jointly influence the selection environment for plant species in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 6 publications

References 85 publications

The role of dominant prairie species ecotypes on plant diversity patterns of restored grasslands across a rainfall gradient in the US Great Plains

The role of dominant prairie species ecotypes on plant diversity patterns of restored grasslands across a rainfall gradient in the US Great Plains

Plant diversity and community age stabilize ecosystem multifunctionality

The multiple-mechanisms hypothesis of biodiversity–stability relationships

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