2008
DOI: 10.1126/science.1156970
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Plant Immunity Requires Conformational Charges of NPR1 via S-Nitrosylation and Thioredoxins

Abstract: Changes in redox status have been observed during immune responses in different organisms, but the associated signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. In plants, these redox changes regulate the conformation of NPR1, a master regulator of salicylic acid (SA)–mediated defense genes. NPR1 is sequestered in the cytoplasm as an oligomer through intermolecular disulfide bonds. We report that S-nitrosylation of NPR1 by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) at cysteine-156 facilitates its oligomerization, which maintains pr… Show more

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Cited by 988 publications
(927 citation statements)
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“…Briefly, under non-stress conditions NPR1 is S-nitrosylated at the cysteine-156 by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and sequestered in the cytoplasm as an oligomer formed by disulphide bounds. Once SA accumulates upon pathogen attack and alters the cellular redox state, this provokes a reduction of the disulphide bonds in the NPR1 protein by the thioredoxins TRX-h3 and TRX-h5 (Tada et al, 2008). Even further, a change in the oxidation state of cysteine residues of TGA transcription factors has been shown to be necessary to promote their interaction with NPR1 in the nucleus (Després et al, 2003).…”
Section: Signal Transduction Pathwaysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Briefly, under non-stress conditions NPR1 is S-nitrosylated at the cysteine-156 by S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and sequestered in the cytoplasm as an oligomer formed by disulphide bounds. Once SA accumulates upon pathogen attack and alters the cellular redox state, this provokes a reduction of the disulphide bonds in the NPR1 protein by the thioredoxins TRX-h3 and TRX-h5 (Tada et al, 2008). Even further, a change in the oxidation state of cysteine residues of TGA transcription factors has been shown to be necessary to promote their interaction with NPR1 in the nucleus (Després et al, 2003).…”
Section: Signal Transduction Pathwaysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…How NO regulates OIPK in tobacco cell remains to be elucidated, which may be mediated by phosphorylationor nitrosylation-controlled mechanisms. In particular, S-nitrosylation is an important posttranslational mechanism in plants (Lindermayr et al 2005;Tada et al 2008;BessonBard et al 2008), and many protein kinases are able to be nitrosylated in plant (Lindermayr et al 2005;RomeroPuertas et al 2008), indicating protein kinases regulated by NO may be directly by nitrosylated.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…À ce jour, une cinquantaine de protéines S-nitrosylées a ainsi été identifiée, dont une dizaine ont fait l'objet d'études fonctionnelles approfondies (Tableau I). Il ressort de ces études que la S-nitrosylation module l'activité de ces protéines en ciblant directement des résidus Cys de sites actifs [24][25][26][27][28], en promouvant la formation de ponts disulfures [29,30], et en bloquant la fixation de cofacteurs (FAD ou ATP) par encombrement stérique [31,32]. Les données acquises pour les protéines NPR1 (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1) et RBOHD (respiratory burst oxidase homologue D) sont détaillées ci-dessous à titre d'exemple (Figure 2).…”
Section: Identification Et Premières Analyses Fonctionnelles Des Protunclassified
“…Les monomères formant le complexe sont associés par des ponts disulfures impliquant cinq résidus (Cys-82, Cys-150, Cys-155, Cys-160 et Cys-216). Lors de la stimulation des réponses de défense, l'oligomère est dissocié en monomères par une réduction des ponts disulfures grâce à une thioredoxine [29]. Les monomères sont ensuite transloqués dans le noyau où ils interagissent et activent le facteur de transcription TGA1 régulant positivement l'expression de différents gènes de défense, dont PR-1 [30].…”
Section: Npr1unclassified
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