Plant‐Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics

Kessler, André; Poveda, Katja; Poelman, Erik H.

doi:10.1002/9781118295205.ch5

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…In addition, the ontogenetic patterns reported here could promote early damage by specialized herbivores able to deal with cyanogenic compounds, followed by generalist herbivore damage later during plant development. Seasonal patterns in herbivore communities have been associated with changes in plant quality through the induction of defences (Poelman et al, 2008;Kessler et al, 2012), but there is no information regarding the influence of ontogenetic changes in plant constitutive defences on such seasonal patterns. Hence, the study of ontogenetic changes in plants with multiple defensive strategies offers new contexts for understanding the assemblage and seasonality of herbivore communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant defence as a complex and changing phenotype throughout ontogeny

Ochoa‐López

Villamil

Zedillo-Avelleyra

et al. 2015

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Ontogenetic changes in anti-herbivore defences are common and result from variation in resource availability and herbivore damage throughout plant development. However, little is known about the simultaneous changes of multiple defences across the entire development of plants, and how such changes affect plant damage in the field. The aim of this study was to assess if changes in the major types of plant resistance and tolerance can explain natural herbivore damage throughout plant ontogeny. Methods An assessment was made of how six defensive traits, including physical, chemical and biotic resistance, simultaneously change across the major transitions of plant development, from seedlings to reproductive stages of Turnera velutina growing in the greenhouse. In addition, an experiment was performed to assess how plant tolerance to artificial damage to leaves changed throughout ontogeny. Finally, leaf damage by herbivores was evaluated in a natural population. Key Results The observed ontogenetic trajectories of all defences were significantly different, sometimes showing opposite directions of change. Whereas trichome density, leaf toughness, extrafloral nectary abundance and nectar production increased, hydrogen cyanide and compensatory responses decreased throughout plant development, from seedlings to reproductive plants. Only water content was higher at the intermediate juvenile ontogenetic stages. Surveys in a natural population over 3 years showed that herbivores consumed more tissue from juvenile plants than from younger seedlings or older reproductive plants. This is consistent with the fact that juvenile plants were the least defended stage. Conclusions The results suggest that defensive trajectories are a mixed result of predictions by the Optimal Defence Theory and the Growth-Differentiation Balance Hypothesis. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating multiple defences and plant ontogeny into further studies for a more comprehensive understanding of plant defence evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant defence as a complex and changing phenotype throughout ontogeny

Ochoa‐López

Villamil

Zedillo-Avelleyra

et al. 2015

Ann Bot

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“…obs.). Such high levels of damage probably result in systemic responses at the whole-plant level, a phenomenon that is typical of communities characterised by insect outbreaks which may contribute to feedbacks and temporal fluctations in plant-herbivore interactions (Kessler et al, 2012). Leaves were placed in paper bags and transported in coolers to the laboratory where they were immediately dried at 40-45 ∘ C until a constant weight was achieved.…”

Section: Measurements Of Herbivory and Leaf Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory and leaf defences in Cordia dodecandra

Rosado‐Sánchez

Parra-Tabla

Betancur‐Ancona

et al. 2018

Ecological Entomology

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1. It is broadly accepted that plant diversity influences plant-herbivore interactions, yet few studies have separated damage by different herbivore species and simultaneously tested for effects on herbivory and plant defences to elucidate the mechanisms underlying such effects.2. This study tested for effects of tree species diversity on leaf damage by beetle larvae and caterpillars on Cordia dodecandra in a diversity experiment, and measured leaf chemical and physical traits to assess whether differences in herbivory underlie changes in plant traits.3. Four year-old trees were sampled in 21 × 21-m plots classified as monocultures of C. dodecandra or mixtures of this species plus three other tree species. Herbivory by beetle larvae and caterpillars was estimated, and we subsequently collected undamaged leaves to quantify total phenolics and condensed tannins, trichome density, and specific leaf area. 4. A significant effect of diversity on herbivory by beetle larvae was found, with mixtures exhibiting an 80% lower mean value than monocultures. By contrast, there was no diversity effect on caterpillar herbivory. Additionally, a positive relationship was found between beetle larvae (but not caterpillar) damage and plant chemical defences, yet there was no effect of diversity on defences. Specific leaf area was higher and trichome density tended to be lower in mixtures than in monocultures, but neither trait was associated with herbivory, and damage did not explain diversity effects on these traits. 5. These findings emphasise the importance of separating diversity effects on different herbivore species and measuring plant traits associated with herbivory to better understand controls of diversity on plant-herbivore interactions.

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“…Outbreaks of insect herbivores can have significant negative effects on plant performance (Yang 2012). However, some plant populations have considerable tolerance for herbivory (Strauss and Agrawal 1999), even during insect outbreaks (Kessler et al 2012). The vast majority of our current understanding of the effect of insect outbreaks on plant performance comes from the study of defoliating insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term impact of a leaf miner outbreak on the performance of quaking aspen

Wagner

Doak

2013

Can. J. For. Res.

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The aspen leaf miner, Phyllocnistis populiella Cham., has caused widespread and severe damage to aspen in the boreal forests of western North America for over a decade. We suppressed P. populiella on individual small aspen ramets using insecticide at two sites near Fairbanks, Alaska, annually for 7 years and compared plant performance with controls. Insecticide treatment successfully reduced leaf damage by P. populiella during most years and had little effect on herbivory by externally feeding invertebrates. By the end of the study, control ramets had suffered a reduction in height and girth relative to treated ramets and to the original, pretreatment size. Control ramets produced smaller leaves during some years and, after 7 years, produced fewer total shoots and leaves than ramets sprayed with insecticide. Treatment did not affect mortality, but at the warmer of the two sites, ramets sustaining ambient levels of leaf mining were significantly more likely to die back to basal sprouts than those treated with insecticide. We conclude that a decade of P. populiella outbreak has caused strongly negative effects on aspen development and the production of aboveground tissues.

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Plant‐Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics

Cited by 11 publications

References 117 publications

Plant defence as a complex and changing phenotype throughout ontogeny

Plant defence as a complex and changing phenotype throughout ontogeny

Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory and leaf defences in Cordia dodecandra

Long-term impact of a leaf miner outbreak on the performance of quaking aspen

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