Plant Pathogens Affecting the Establishment of Plant-Symbiont Interaction

Souza, Eduardo Martins de; Granada, Camille Eichelberger; Sperotto, Raul Antônio

doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00015

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…suffered less damage by pathogens than uninoculated plants (Bopaiah et al, 1976;Tu 1978Tu , 1980. The pathogens tested had adverse effect on nodulation caused by Rhizobium sp., which is in line with previous findings (de Souza et al, 2016). Plant pathogens are also able to attack their opponents including symbionts using molecular weapons (Duffy et al, 2003), which include hydrogen cyanide (Benizri et al, 2005), alkaloids (Antunes et al, 2008), and bacteriocins (Holtsmark et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some plant pathogens on the growth and nodulation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Siddiqui

Khan

et al. 2018

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica

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Effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were studied on lentil plants inoculated with Alternaria alternata, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Meloidogyne incognita. Plant growth, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, nitrate reductase (NR) activity and nodulation of lentil both in the presence and absence of Rhizobium sp. were examined in a pot test. Inoculation of plants with A. alternata / F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis / X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli / P. syringae pv. syringae or M. incognita caused a significant reduction in plant growth, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll, carotenoids and NR activity over uninoculated control. Inoculation of plants with Rhizobium sp. with or without pathogen increased plant growth and number of pods per plant, chlorophyll, carotenoids and NR activity. When plants were grown without Rhizobium, a foliar spray of plants with 10 ml solution of 0.1 mg ml-1 of ZnO NPs per plant caused a significant increase in plant growth and number of pods, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and NR activity in both inoculated and uninoculated plants. Spray of ZnO NPs to plants inoculated with Rhizobium sp. caused non significant increase in plant growth, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and NR activity when plants were either uninoculated or inoculated with pathogens. Numbers of nodules per root system were high in plants treated with Rhizobium sp. but foliar spray of ZnO NPs had adverse effect on nodulation. Inoculation of plants with test pathogens also reduced nodulation. Spray of ZnO NPs to plants reduced galling, nematode multiplication, wilt, blight and leaf spot disease severity indices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some plant pathogens on the growth and nodulation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Siddiqui

Khan

et al. 2018

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica

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“…It is worth noting that some fungal pathogens, for instance, Alternaria brassicicola , also activate auxin signalling pathway (Qi et al, ), which raises a question of whether pathogens infection enhanced nodulation. This possibility could not be excluded (de Souza, Granada, & Sperotto, ). In most cases, pathogen attacks inhibit rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbioses as the pathogen‐induced plant defence reactions, for instance, oxidative burst, the accumulation of JA and SA block symbiotic establishment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin signalling of Arachis hypogaea activated by colonization of mutualistic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari enhances nodulation and N₂ -fixation

et al. 2018

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Beneficial fungal and rhizobial symbioses share commonalities in phytohormones responses, especially in auxin signalling. Mutualistic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari effectively increases symbiotic efficiency of legume peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) with another microsymbiont, bradyrhizobium, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We quantified and manipulated the IAA accumulation in ternary P. liquidambari-peanut-bradyrhizobial interactions to uncover its role between distinct symbioses. We found that auxin signalling is both locally and systemically induced by the colonization of P. liquidambari with peanut and further confirmed by Arabidopsis harbouring auxin-responsive reporter, DR5:GUS, and that auxin action, including auxin transport, is required to maintain fungal symbiotic behaviours and beneficial traits of plant during the symbiosis. Complementation and action inhibition experiments reveal that auxin signalling is involved in P. liquidambari-mediated nodule development and N -fixation enhancement and symbiotic gene activation. Further analyses showed that blocking of auxin action compromised the P. liquidambari-induced nodule phenotype and physiology changes, including vascular bundle development, symbiosome and bacteroids density, and malate concentrations, while induced the accumulation of starch granules in P. liquidambari-inoculated nodules. Collectively, our study demonstrated that auxin signalling activated by P. liquidambari symbiosis is recruited by peanut for bradyrhizobial symbiosis via symbiotic signalling pathway activation and nodule carbon metabolism enhancement.

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“…In this study, this hypothesis was tested in the model system comprising P. pinea , its symbiont T. borchii and the nonnative and native pathogens H. irregulare and H. annosum . Although simultaneous inoculations of pathogens and symbionts in the same hosts have been occasionally reported (Shukla et al ., ), the largest body of literature dealing with the interaction between plant pathogens and symbionts on a common host reports separate inoculations of pathogens and symbiont at different times, with the former inoculated after the latter (reviewed by de Souza et al ., ). In our study, the delayed inoculation of the pathogen with respect to the symbiont is also supported by the natural dynamics of the ecosystem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…New Phytologist effects of AM symbiosis on the stimulation of plant defence responses against pathogens (Filion et al, 1999;Pozo & Azc on-Aguilar, 2007) and only a few studies have considered the effects of pathogens on the establishment of the symbiosis (de Souza et al, 2016). To our knowledge, this is the first work focused on evaluating the effects of a nonnative invasive pathogen and a native pathogen on the ECM symbiosis in a three-actor model system including the host plant.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nonnative and a native fungal plant pathogen similarly stimulate ectomycorrhizal development but are perceived differently by a fungal symbiont

et al. 2016

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The effects of plant symbionts on host defence responses against pathogens have been extensively documented, but little is known about the impact of pathogens on the symbiosis and if such an impact may differ for nonnative and native pathogens. Here, this issue was addressed in a study of the model system comprising Pinus pinea, its ectomycorrhizal symbiont Tuber borchii, and the nonnative and native pathogens Heterobasidion irregulare and Heterobasidion annosum, respectively. In a 6-month inoculation experiment and using both in planta and gene expression analyses, we tested the hypothesis that H. irregulare has greater effects on the symbiosis than H. annosum. Although the two pathogens induced the same morphological reaction in the plant-symbiont complex, with mycorrhizal density increasing exponentially with pathogen colonization of the host, the number of target genes regulated in T. borchii in plants inoculated with the native pathogen (i.e. 67% of tested genes) was more than twice that in plants inoculated with the nonnative pathogen (i.e. 27% of genes). Although the two fungal pathogens did not differentially affect the amount of ectomycorrhizas, the fungal symbiont perceived their presence differently. The results may suggest that the symbiont has the ability to recognize a self/native and a nonself/nonnative pathogen, probably through host plant-mediated signal transduction.

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Plant Pathogens Affecting the Establishment of Plant-Symbiont Interaction

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some plant pathogens on the growth and nodulation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some plant pathogens on the growth and nodulation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Auxin signalling of Arachis hypogaea activated by colonization of mutualistic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari enhances nodulation and N₂ -fixation

A nonnative and a native fungal plant pathogen similarly stimulate ectomycorrhizal development but are perceived differently by a fungal symbiont

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Plant Pathogens Affecting the Establishment of Plant-Symbiont Interaction

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some plant pathogens on the growth and nodulation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and some plant pathogens on the growth and nodulation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)

Auxin signalling of Arachis hypogaea activated by colonization of mutualistic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari enhances nodulation and N2 -fixation

A nonnative and a native fungal plant pathogen similarly stimulate ectomycorrhizal development but are perceived differently by a fungal symbiont

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Auxin signalling of Arachis hypogaea activated by colonization of mutualistic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari enhances nodulation and N₂ -fixation