Plant Poisons and Traditional Medicines

Aronson, Jeffrey K

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-5101-2.00077-7

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 263 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, in phytochemical screening of plants native to the Uruguay River, in which P. carthagenensis was included, the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenes/steroids, low molecular weight terpenes, saponins, and tannins was detected for this species (Bertucci, Haretche, Olivaro, & Vázquez, 2008), corroborating the chemical profile obtained in the present article. However, until now, no alkaloids have been experimentally demonstrated for P. carthagenensis (Leal & Elisabetsky, 1996;Lopes et al, 2000;Magedans et al, 2019;Porto et al, 2009), although it is used in the preparation of ayahuasca decoction instead of P. viridis (Porto et al, 2009), which has been proven to have DMT alkaloid, a potent serotonergic hallucinogen (Aronson, 2014;Martins & Nunez, 2015;D.J. McKenna, 2004;Dennis J. McKenna et al, 1984).…”

Section: Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Rubiaceae), popularly known as "carne-de-vaca", "cafeeiro-do-mato", "erva-derato-branca" (Formagio et al, 2014) or "orelha-de-onça" (Dias Souza, Alcantara Morais Mendonça, & Pessoa da Silva, 2013), is a shrub, 2-3 m high, which has wide distribution in Central and South America, from Costa Rica to Argentina(R. R. Faria, Ferrero, Navarro, & Araujo, 2012;Koch, Silva, & Silva, 2010;Vitarelli & Santos, 2009). In Brazil, it is an endemic species (Magedans, Rodrigues-Corrêa, Costa, Matsuura, & Fett-Neto, 2019;Reflora, 2020), popularly used in decoction by the people of the Amazonian Forest as one of the components of the hallucinogenic beverage ayahuasca, in religious rituals for social and medicinal purposes (Aronson, 2014;Formagio et al, 2014;Frecska, Bokor, & Winkelman, 2016;Leal & Elisabetsky, 1996;D.J. McKenna, 2004;Dennis J. McKenna, Towers, & Abbott, 1984;Rivier & Lindgren, 1972); for this last objective, as depurative and antirheumatic (Sanz-Biset, Campos-de-la-Cruz, Epiquién-Rivera, & Cañigueral, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, according to Rivier and Lindgren (1972), the dry weight of P. viridis and P. carthagenensis leaves revealed, respectively, 0.34% and 0.66% alkaloids, with substantial amounts of N, Ndimethyltryptamine -DMT (99% for both species), besides traces of N-monomethyltryptamine -MMT and βcarboline alkaloids such as 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro--carboline (MTHC) (Rivier & Lindgren, 1972). Likewise, P. carthagenensis is used in the preparation of ayahuasca decoction as a substitute for Amazonian P. viridis (Porto et al, 2009), which has proven to have DMT alkaloid, a potent serotonergic hallucinogen (Aronson, 2014;Martins & Nunez, 2015;D.J. McKenna, 2004;Dennis J. McKenna et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and lack of toxicity of Psychotria carthagenensis infusions

Nascimento

Rivero-Wendt

Miranda-Vilela

et al. 2021

RSD

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We aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of the aqueous extract of leaves of Psychotria carthagenensis, and its possible toxicological effects at 200 µg/Kg on Rattus norvegicus. The aqueous extract was used for preliminary phytochemical analyses using standard procedures. After, male albino Wistar rats (N= 6/group) received by gavage for 15 consecutive days, infusions with fresh (FL) and dry leaf (DL) at 200 µg/kg; controls received filtered water (negative) or clonazepam solution at 0.5 mg/kg (positive). Hematological analyses, determination of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, uric acid, total plasma protein (TPP), quantification of serum cholinesterase (AChE), and histological analyses of kidneys and liver were carried out. By the phytochemical analysis of the aqueous leaf extract, it was possible to detect the total phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids, the latter having been recorded for the species for the first time in this study. ALT and AST levels indicated an increase in these plasma enzymes, but histological analysis of kidneys and liver showed only slight changes. Inhibition of AChE levels was related mainly to alkaloids. The infusion showed the pharmacological potential of the plant as an alternative in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and lack of toxicity of Psychotria carthagenensis infusions

Nascimento

Rivero-Wendt

Miranda-Vilela

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…Other compounds are also included in the table, to demonstrate the confusion that can arise when substances from similar sources are classified differently. For example, digoxin from foxglove leaves is formulated as a medicinal product (as are several other plant‐derived drugs ), while extracts from green tea leaves are regarded as nutraceuticals .…”

Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining ‘nutraceuticals’: neither nutritious nor pharmaceutical

Aronson

2016

Brit J Clinical Pharma

Self Cite

190

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There are widespread inconsistencies and contradictions in the many published definitions of ‘nutraceuticals’ and ‘functional foods’, demonstrating wholesale uncertainty about what they actually are. Furthermore, in a 2014 lecture, the inventor of the term ‘nutraceutical’, confessing that nutraceuticals do not work, said that ‘the quest to demonstrate whether … long‐term supplementation [with nutraceuticals] can prevent serious diseases … has come to an end’. Definitions of ‘nutraceuticals’ and related terms, still widely used, should therefore be explored systematically. There are no internationally agreed definitions of ‘nutraceuticals’ and ‘functional foods’, or of similar terms, such as ‘health foods’, or of terms related to herbal products, which are sometimes referred to as ‘nutraceuticals’, compounding the confusion. ‘Nutraceuticals’ and ‘functional foods’ are vague, nondiscriminatory, unhelpful terms; the evidence suggests that they should be abandoned in favour of more precise terms. The term ‘dietary supplement’ is widely used to designate formulations that are also called ‘nutraceuticals’ but it would be better restricted to individual compounds used to treat or prevent deficiencies. ‘Fortified foods’, sometimes called ‘designer foods’, are foods to which compounds of proven therapeutic or preventive efficacy (e.g. folic acid) have been added. Other terms, such as ‘food’, ‘foodstuffs’, ‘eat’, ‘drink’, and ‘nutrition’, are well defined, as are ‘medicinal products’ and ‘pharmaceutical formulations’. Dietary regimens, such as Mediterranean or nitrate‐rich diets or vegetarianism, can affect health. A dietary regimen of this kind can be defined as a programme of food, of a defined kind and/or quantity, prescribed or adopted for the restoration or preservation of health.

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“…The content of psilocybin found within commonly used cultivar P. cubensis varies but is on average 1% dry weight. 2,9,10 There has yet to be a validated clinical study focused specifically on the clinical effects of microdosing with psilocybin; published work to date is limited to surveys. [6][7][8]11,12 However, the importance of recreational psilocybin user surveys is not to be discounted.…”

Section: Introduction a Medical Efficacy Applications And The Current...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Psilocybin Conspectus: Status, Production Methods, and Considerations

Plotnik

Gibbs

Graham

2022

Int J Med Mushrooms

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Psilocybin is a psychoactive alkaloid that is produced naturally by approximately 200 species of mushrooms. The potential medical use of this molecule for the treatment of mental illness is gaining renewed momentum. As demand grows and clinical trials progress, appropriate methods for producing a quality pharmaceutical product are needed. This review highlights the methods currently available, such as the prominent synthetic method and its biosynthetic alternatives, as well as others on the near horizon. This article further seeks to discuss the rapid and evolving nature of the psilocybin industry in the 21st century.

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Plant Poisons and Traditional Medicines

Cited by 15 publications

References 263 publications

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and lack of toxicity of Psychotria carthagenensis infusions

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and lack of toxicity of Psychotria carthagenensis infusions

Defining ‘nutraceuticals’: neither nutritious nor pharmaceutical

Psilocybin Conspectus: Status, Production Methods, and Considerations

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