Plant Responses to Increased Carbon Dioxide

Seneweera, Saman; Norton, Rob

doi:10.1002/9780470960929.ch15

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 140 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Reynolds et al (2010a) reviewed in more detail these types of traits and their utility in irrigated v. dryland environments under high temperature conditions. The consensus around the impact of the CO 2 fertilisation effect is that there is expected to be an improvement in photosynthetic efficiency for C 3 plants until the atmospheric concentration reaches~750 mmol mol -1 (Seneweera and Norton 2011). Those authors provide summaries of proportional changes in growth and yield responses to elevated CO 2 of different plant species.…”

Section: Adaptation To High Temperature and Elevated Co 2 Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant adaptation to climate change—opportunities and priorities in breeding

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Climate change in Australia is expected to influence crop growing conditions through direct increases in elevated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and average temperature, and through increases in the variability of climate, with potential to increase the occurrence of abiotic stresses such as heat, drought, waterlogging, and salinity. Associated effects of climate change and higher CO 2 concentrations include impacts on the water-use efficiency of dryland and irrigated crop production, and potential effects on biosecurity, production, and quality of product via impacts on endemic and introduced pests and diseases, and tolerance to these challenges. Direct adaptation to these changes can occur through changes in crop, farm, and value-chain management and via economically driven, geographic shifts where different production systems operate. Within specific crops, a longer term adaptation is the breeding of new varieties that have an improved performance in 'future' growing conditions compared with existing varieties.In crops, breeding is an appropriate adaptation response where it complements management changes, or when the required management changes are too expensive or impractical. Breeding requires the assessment of genetic diversity for adaptation, and the selection and recombining of genetic resources into new varieties for production systems for projected future climate and atmospheric conditions. As in the past, an essential priority entering into a 'climate-changed' era will be breeding for resistance or tolerance to the effects of existing and new pests and diseases. Hence, research on the potential incidence and intensity of biotic stresses, and the opportunities for breeding solutions, is essential to prioritise investment, as the consequences could be catastrophic. The values of breeding activities to adapt to the five major abiotic effects of climate change (heat, drought, waterlogging, salinity, and elevated CO 2 ) are more difficult to rank, and vary with species and production area, with impacts on both yield and quality of product. Although there is a high likelihood of future increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and temperatures across Australia, there is uncertainty about the direction and magnitude of rainfall change, particularly in the northern farming regions. Consequently, the clearest opportunities for 'in-situ' genetic gains for abiotic stresses are in developing better adaptation to higher temperatures (e.g. control of phenological stage durations, and tolerance to stress) and, for C 3 species, in exploiting the (relatively small) fertilisation effects of elevated CO 2 . For most cultivated plant species, it remains to be demonstrated how much genetic variation exists for these traits and what value can be delivered via commercial varieties. Biotechnology-based breeding technologies (marker-assisted breeding and genetic modification) will be essential to accelerate genetic gain, but their application requires additional investment in the understanding, genetic characterisation,...

show abstract

Section: Adaptation To High Temperature and Elevated Co 2 Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant adaptation to climate change—opportunities and priorities in breeding

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies that have examined changes in plant physiology (on noninfected plants) under eCO 2 treatments have shown both positive and negative effects. Positive effects of eCO 2 alone on plants include increased growth and yield, increased rates of photosynthesis, greater light use efficiency and higher water-use efficiency due to partial closure of stomata (Conroy et al, 1994;Kimball et al, 1995Kimball et al, , 2002Drake et al, 1997;Seneweera et al, 2002;Leakey et al, 2009;Seneweera & Norton, 2011). However, eCO 2 can cause serious changes to plant biochemistry, including an increase in carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios caused by a reduction in foliar N and an increase in C due to higher growth and photosynthetic rates (Kimball et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virus disease in wheat predicted to increase with a changing climate

Trębicki¹,

Nancarrow

Cole

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current atmospheric CO 2 levels are about 400 lmol mol À1 and are predicted to rise to 650 lmol mol À1 later this century. Although the positive and negative impacts of CO 2 on plants are well documented, little is known about interactions with pests and diseases. If disease severity increases under future environmental conditions, then it becomes imperative to understand the impacts of pathogens on crop production in order to minimize crop losses and maximize food production. Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) adversely affects the yield and quality of economically important crops including wheat, barley and oats. It is transmitted by numerous aphid species and causes a serious disease of cereal crops worldwide. This study examined the effects of ambient (aCO 2 ; 400 lmol mol À1 ) and elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ; 650 lmol mol À1 ) on noninfected and BYDV-infected wheat. Using a RT-qPCR technique, we measured virus titre from aCO 2 and eCO 2 treatments. BYDV titre increased significantly by 36.8% in leaves of wheat grown under eCO 2 conditions compared to aCO 2 . Plant growth parameters including height, tiller number, leaf area and biomass were generally higher in plants exposed to higher CO 2 levels but increased growth did not explain the increase in BYDV titre in these plants. High virus titre in plants has been shown to have a significant negative effect on plant yield and causes earlier and more pronounced symptom expression increasing the probability of virus spread by insects. The combination of these factors could negatively impact food production in Australia and worldwide under future climate conditions. This is the first quantitative evidence that BYDV titre increases in plants grown under elevated CO 2 levels.

show abstract

“…It is widely recognized that plants must achieve a balance between carbon assimilation, carbon storage and growth (Smith & Stitt, 2007), all of which are directly or indirectly affected by the elements of climate change, such as C E and T E . Under C E and nonlimiting resource availability, whole-plant dry mass production of woody plants is generally enhanced via both higher photosynthetic rates per unit leaf and greater total leaf area (Ainsworth & Long, 2005;Ghannoum et al, 2010a;Seneweera & Norton, 2011;Wang et al, 2012), despite frequently observed partial downregulation of photosynthetic capacity (Ainsworth & Long, 2005;Ainsworth & Rogers, 2007;Leakey et al, 2009). Increasing [CO 2 ] can also lead to accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) (Stitt & Krapp, 1999;Nowak et al, 2004;Robinson et al, 2012), which mainly functions as carbon storage to reconcile temporal asynchrony between carbon demand (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated temperature is more effective than elevated [CO₂] in exposing genotypic variation in Telopea speciosissima growth plasticity: implications for woody plant populations under climate change

Huang

Rymer

Duan

et al. 2015

Global Change Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity is a critical determinant of plant species capacity to cope with climate change. A long-standing hypothesis states that greater levels of environmental variability will select for genotypes with greater phenotypic plasticity. However, few studies have examined how genotypes of woody species originating from contrasting environments respond to multiple climate change factors. Here, we investigated the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2 ] (CE ) and elevated temperature (TE ) on growth and physiology of Coastal (warmer, less variable temperature environment) and Upland (cooler, more variable temperature environment) genotypes of an Australian woody species Telopea speciosissima. Both genotypes were positively responsive to CE (35% and 29% increase in whole-plant dry mass and leaf area, respectively), but only the Coastal genotype exhibited positive growth responses to TE . We found that the Coastal genotype exhibited greater growth response to TE (47% and 85% increase in whole-plant dry mass and leaf area, respectively) when compared with the Upland genotype (no change in dry mass or leaf area). No intraspecific variation in physiological plasticity was detected under CE or TE , and the interactive effects of CE and TE on intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity were also largely absent. Overall, TE was a more effective climate factor than CE in exposing genotypic variation in our woody species. Our results contradict the paradigm that genotypes from more variable climates will exhibit greater phenotypic plasticity in future climate regimes.

show abstract

Plant Responses to Increased Carbon Dioxide

Cited by 19 publications

References 140 publications

Plant adaptation to climate change—opportunities and priorities in breeding

Plant adaptation to climate change—opportunities and priorities in breeding

Virus disease in wheat predicted to increase with a changing climate

Elevated temperature is more effective than elevated [CO₂] in exposing genotypic variation in Telopea speciosissima growth plasticity: implications for woody plant populations under climate change

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Plant Responses to Increased Carbon Dioxide

Cited by 19 publications

References 140 publications

Plant adaptation to climate change—opportunities and priorities in breeding

Plant adaptation to climate change—opportunities and priorities in breeding

Virus disease in wheat predicted to increase with a changing climate

Elevated temperature is more effective than elevated [CO2] in exposing genotypic variation in Telopea speciosissima growth plasticity: implications for woody plant populations under climate change

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Elevated temperature is more effective than elevated [CO₂] in exposing genotypic variation in Telopea speciosissima growth plasticity: implications for woody plant populations under climate change