Plant Seeds: An Exciting Model System for Dissecting Molecular and Cellular Regulation of Metabolic Processes

Galili, Gad; Tang, Guiliang; Zhu, Xiaohong; Amir, Rachel A.; Levanony, Hanna; Shy, Galia; Herman, Eliot M.

doi:10.1560/eeep-kb7g-ggqh-5v0r

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The lysine level in Arabidopsis seeds was found to increase during germination (Joosen et al , 2013) or to have steady levels (Angelovici et al , 2011). Lysine catabolism in Arabidopsis seeds is regulated by precise sensing of its levels in the cell (Galili et al , 2000). Combination of down-regulation of lysine catabolism (LKR/SDH knockout mutation) and up-regulation of synthesis (expression of bacterial DHDPS) causes lysine accumulation in the KD genotype (Zhu and Galili, 2003; Angelovici et al , 2009).…”

Section: Metabolites That Have a Regulatory Role In Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination

2014

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Seed germination is regulated in a concerted manner that involves generating growth potential in the embryo to overcome the mechanical resistance of the endosperm. The wake-up call of a dry seed includes the reorganization of subcellular structures and the reactivation of metabolism in a dense, oxygen-poor environment. Pools of unbound metabolites and solutes produced by the degradation of storage reserves, including starch, proteins and oils, in the embryo can contribute to the generation of the embryo growth potential and radicle protrusion. Recent genomics studies have contributed a vast amount of data on protein, metabolite and gene transcript profiles during germination, which can be integrated to explore the seed metabolism from water imbibition to radicle protrusion. To what extent are free pools of metabolites relevant to the reorganization of seed metabolism? How is energy built to support embryo growth and radicle protrusion? Elucidating these fundamental questions in seed biology is the key to the understanding of the germination process. Here we have attempted to summarize the recent scientific knowledge to provide a comprehensive description of the ignition, reassembling and regulation of metabolism during seed germination.

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Section: Metabolites That Have a Regulatory Role In Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination

2014

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“…The power of Arabidopsis for studies of metabolism and physiology is illustrated by numerous studies of mutants and transformants with, for example, lesions in starch (Caspar, 1994; Periappuram et al ., 2000), lipid (Browse and Somerville, 1994; Poirier et al ., 1999), flavonoid (Albert et al ., 1997; Debeaujon et al ., 2000, 2001; Shirley, 1998; Wisman et al ., 1998), phenylpropanoid (Chapple et al ., 1992), amino acid (Galili et al ., 2000, 2001) and cell wall (Reiter, 1994) metabolism, or defects in the regulation of these pathways (Albert et al ., 1997; Focks and Benning, 1998; Nesi et al ., 2000; Walker et al ., 1999). Collections of pre‐identified Arabidopsis insertion mutants (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive and high throughput metabolite assays for inorganic pyrophosphate, ADPGlc, nucleotide phosphates, and glycolytic intermediates based on a novel enzymic cycling system

et al. 2002

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SummaryMetabolite assays are required to characterise how metabolism changes between genotypes during development and in response to environmental perturbations. They provide a springboard to identify important regulatory sites and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Due to their small size, Arabidopsis seeds pose a technical challenge for such measurements. A set of assays based on a novel enzymic cycling system between glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase have been developed and optimised for use with growing Arabidopsis seeds. In combination with existing assays they provide a suite of high throughput, sensitive assays for the immediate precursors for starch (adenine diphosphate glucose) and lipid (acetyl coenzyme A, glycerol-3-phosphate) synthesis, as well as pyrophosphate, ATP, ADP and most of the glycolytic intermediates. A method is also presented to rapidly quench intact siliques, lyophilise them and then manually separate seeds for metabolite analysis. These techniques are used to investigate changes in overall seed metabolite levels during development and maturation, and in response to a stepwise decrease of the external oxygen concentration.

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Plant Seeds: An Exciting Model System for Dissecting Molecular and Cellular Regulation of Metabolic Processes

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination

Activation and regulation of primary metabolism during seed germination

Sensitive and high throughput metabolite assays for inorganic pyrophosphate, ADPGlc, nucleotide phosphates, and glycolytic intermediates based on a novel enzymic cycling system

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