Plant water use responses along secondary forest succession during the 2015–2016 El Niño drought in Panama

Bretfeld, Mario; Ewers, B. E.; Hall, Jefferson S.

doi:10.1111/nph.15071

Cited by 72 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…One explanation may be that our sampling of Ψ pd after the onset of the dry season was limited to a period when water stress was not very strong, and water availability was likely homogeneous across the range of root depths. The range of Ψ pd across trees was actually similar or even greater than the range typically observed during dry seasons in tropical forest sites with similar rainfall (e.g., Bretfeld et al, ; Santiago et al, ). However, it remained relatively small and probably not sufficient to reveal the contrasting abilities of root systems to allow prolonged access to soil water during stronger droughts, as found elsewhere (Jackson et al, ; Meinzer et al, ; Stahl, Burban, et al, ; Stahl, Herault, et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Dry‐season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest

et al. 2018

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Water availability is a key determinant of forest ecosystem function and tree species distributions. While droughts are increasing in frequency in many ecosystems, including in the tropics, plant responses to water supply vary with species and drought intensity and are therefore difficult to model. Based on physiological first principles, we hypothesized that trees with a lower turgor loss point (πtlp), that is, a more negative leaf water potential at wilting, would maintain water transport for longer into a dry season. We measured sapflux density of 22 mature trees of 10 species during a dry season in an Amazonian rainforest, quantified sapflux decline as soil water content decreased and tested its relationship to tree πtlp, size and leaf predawn and midday water potentials measured after the onset of the dry season. The measured trees varied strongly in the response of water use to the seasonal drought, with sapflux at the end of the dry season ranging from 37 to 117% (on average 83 ± 5 %) of that at the beginning of the dry season. The decline of water transport as soil dried was correlated with tree πtlp (Spearman’s ρ ≥ 0.63), but not with tree size or predawn and midday water potentials. Thus, trees with more drought‐tolerant leaves better maintained water transport during the seasonal drought. Our study provides an explicit correlation between a trait, measurable at the leaf level, and whole‐plant performance under drying conditions. Physiological traits such as πtlp can be used to assess and model higher scale processes in response to drying conditions. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13188/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Equation (1) allowed us to partition the variance in tree sapflux density due to potential evapotranspiration and soil water supply (Bretfeld et al, 2018). We implemented variance partitioning using a commonality analysis (Ray-Mukherjee et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry‐season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest

et al. 2018

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“…Likewise, we expect that leaves of lianas would show lower T d in comparison with host tree leaves; due to their ability to grow in drought environments [16] and their greater competitive advantage on the acquisition, regulation, and efficient use of water in comparison with trees [24,[27][28][29]. In addition, we hypothesized that during years with little rainfall or few seasons with droughts (La Niña year or dry seasons), leaves of both life forms will show higher values of T d due to the high evaporative demand of the surrounding environment [30]. To address our hypotheses, we used unpublished values of leaf emissivity for each life form to calculate the T leaf .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Leaf Temperature between Lianas and Trees in the Neotropical Canopy

Sánchez‐Azofeifa¹,

Rivard²

2018

Forests

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Leaf temperature (T leaf ) influences photosynthesis and respiration. Currently, there is a growing interest in including lianas in productivity models due to their increasing abundance and their detrimental effects in the carbon stock of tropical ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the differences of T leaf between lianas and trees is important for future predictions of productivity. Here, we determined the displayed leaf temperature (T d = T leaf − air temperature) of several species of lianas and their host trees during El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and non-ENSO years to evaluate if the presence of lianas affects the T d of their host trees, and if leaves of lianas and their host trees exhibit differences in T d . Our results suggest that close to midday, the presence of lianas does not affect the T d of their host trees; however, lianas tend to have higher values of T d than their hosts across seasons, in both ENSO and non-ENSO years. Although lianas and trees tend to have similar physiological-temperature responses, differences in T d could lead to significant differences in rates of photosynthesis and respiration based on temperature response curves. Future models should thus consider differences in leaf temperature between these two life forms to achieve robust predictions of productivity.

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“…Second, large-scale studies of secondary forests indicate a strong effect of climate on the recovery rates of carbon and biodiversity (Anderson-Teixeira et al 2013, Poorter et al 2016, Rozendaal et al 2019. Third, longitudinal studies in secondary forests have revealed how droughts modulate recovery speed, increase mortality, and reduce recruitment and growth (Chazdon et al 2005, Maza-Villalobos et al 2013, Mart ınez-Ramos et al 2018, due to the negative effects on the water balance and photosynthetic rates of trees, especially in the earlier stages of succession (Bretfeld et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the largescale studies that have inferred temporal trends from spatial data (i.e., the chronosequence approach) are complicated by factors such as species turnover and natural variation between samples (Johnson and Miyanishi 2008, Norden et al 2015, Franc ßa et al 2016 and idiosyncratic determinants of recovery (Chazdon et al 2007, Arroyo-Rodr ıguez et al 2017). Third, most longitudinal studies focus on short-term assessments restricted to a single drought event (Chazdon et al 2005, Maza-Villalobos et al 2013, Bretfeld et al 2018, Mart ınez-Ramos et al 2018, which cannot detect responses to longer-term increases in temperature or postdrought growth compensation (Berenguer et al 2018). Furthermore, the few longer-term studies relating secondary forest carbon dynamics to climate focus on tropical dry forests ( Alvarez-Y epiz et al 2018, Mart ınez-Ramos et al 2018, meaning there is a lack of research in humid tropical regions, where species may be even more sensitive to drought (Esquivel-Muelbert et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the growth and climate sensitivity of secondary forests in highly deforested Amazonian landscapes

Elias

Ferreira

Lennox

et al. 2020

Ecology

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Tropical forests hold 30% of Earth’s terrestrial carbon and at least 60% of its terrestrial biodiversity, but forest loss and degradation are jeopardizing these ecosystems. Although the regrowth of secondary forests has the potential to offset some of the losses of carbon and biodiversity, it remains unclear if secondary regeneration will be affected by climate changes such as higher temperatures and more frequent extreme droughts. We used a data set of 10 repeated forest inventories spanning two decades (1999–2017) to investigate carbon and tree species recovery and how climate and landscape context influence carbon dynamics in an older secondary forest located in one of the oldest post‐Columbian agricultural frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon. Carbon accumulation averaged 1.08 Mg·ha−1·yr−1, and species richness was effectively constant over the studied period. Moreover, we provide evidence that secondary forests are vulnerable to drought stress: Carbon balance and growth rates were lower in drier periods. This contrasts with drought responses in primary forests, where changes in carbon dynamics are driven by increased stem mortality. These results highlight an important climate change–vegetation feedback, whereby the increasing dry‐season lengths being observed across parts of Amazonia may reduce the effectiveness of secondary forests in sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change. In addition, the current rate of forest regrowth in this region was low compared with previous pan‐tropical and Amazonian assessments—our secondary forests reached just 41.1% of the average carbon and 56% of the tree diversity in the nearest primary forests—suggesting that these areas are unlikely to return to their original levels on politically meaningful time scales.

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Plant water use responses along secondary forest succession during the 2015–2016 El Niño drought in Panama

Cited by 72 publications

References 97 publications

Dry‐season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest

Dry‐season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest

Differences in Leaf Temperature between Lianas and Trees in the Neotropical Canopy

Assessing the growth and climate sensitivity of secondary forests in highly deforested Amazonian landscapes

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