Plantar Fascia Thickness is Longitudinally Associated with Retinopathy and Renal Dysfunction: A Prospective Study from Adolescence to Adulthood

Benitez‐Aguirre, Paul; Craig, Maria E.; Jenkins, Alicia J.; Gallego, Patricia; Cusumano, Janine; Duffin, Anthony C.; Hing, Stephen; Donaghue, Kim C.

doi:10.1177/193229681200600220

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some studies have found that the thickness and stiffness of the PF and Achilles tendon are increased in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus [37, 38]. PF thickness is considered a predictor of the development of late complications in type I diabetes mellitus [38, 39]. Moreover, a relationship between PF thickening in type II diabetes mellitus and body mass index values has also been demonstrated [37].…”

Section: General Features Of Pf Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of plantar fascia disorders: findings on plain radiography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2016

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Plantar fascia (PF) disorders commonly cause heel pain and disability in the general population. Imaging is often required to confirm diagnosis. This review article aims to provide simple and systematic guidelines for imaging assessment of PF disease, focussing on key findings detectable on plain radiography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sonographic characteristics of plantar fasciitis include PF thickening, loss of fibrillar structure, perifascial collections, calcifications and hyperaemia on Doppler imaging. Thickening and signal changes in the PF as well as oedema of adjacent soft tissues and bone marrow can be assessed on MRI. Radiographic findings of plantar fasciitis include PF thickening, cortical irregularities and abnormalities in the fat pad located deep below the PF. Plantar fibromatosis appears as well-demarcated, nodular thickenings that are iso-hypoechoic on ultrasound and show low-signal intensity on MRI. PF tears present with partial or complete fibre interruption on both ultrasound and MRI. Imaging description of further PF disorders, including xanthoma, diabetic fascial disease, foreign-body reactions and plantar infections, is detailed in the main text. Ultrasound and MRI should be considered as first- and second-line modalities for assessment of PF disorders, respectively. Indirect findings of PF disease can be ruled out on plain radiography. Teaching Points • PF disorders commonly cause heel pain and disability in the general population.• Imaging is often required to confirm diagnosis or reveal concomitant injuries.• Ultrasound and MRI respectively represent the first- and second-line modalities for diagnosis.• Indirect findings of PF disease can be ruled out on plain radiography.

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Section: General Features Of Pf Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased thickness of the PF can be sonographically detected in the early stages of diabetes mellitus [37–39]. Ultrasound can aid in the diagnosis of foreign body reaction by identifying echoic extraneous material within or adjacent to the PF.…”

Section: Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of plantar fascia disorders: findings on plain radiography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2016

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“…Diabetes is associated with overall thickening and stiffness of the main tendons and ligaments of the foot-ankle complex, i.e. the plantar fascia (PF) and Achilles tendon (AT) [ 132 - 135 ].…”

Section: Joint Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the PF thickness is a measure of tissue glycation and it is longitudinally associated to the development of complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients [ 135 , 136 ].…”

Section: Joint Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Foot and Exercise Therapy: Step by Step The Role of Rigid Posture and Biomechanics Treatment

Francia¹,

Gulisano²,

Anichini³

et al. 2014

CDR

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Lower extremity ulcers represent a serious and costly complication of diabetes mellitus. Many factors contribute to the development of diabetic foot. Peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease are the main causes of foot ulceration and contribute in turn to the growth of additional risk factors such as limited joint mobility, muscular alterations and foot deformities. Moreover, a deficit of balance, posture and biomechanics can be present, in particular in patients at high risk for ulceration. The result of this process may be the development of a vicious cycle which leads to abnormal distribution of the foot's plantar pressures in static and dynamic postural conditions.This review shows that some of these risk factors significantly improve after a few weeks of exercise therapy (ET) intervention. Accordingly it has been suggested that ET can be an important weapon in the prevention of foot ulcer.The aim of ET can relate to one or more alterations typically found in diabetic patients, although greater attention should be paid to the evaluation and possible correction of body balance, rigid posture and biomechanics. Some of the most important limitations of ET are difficult access to therapy, patient compliance and the transitoriness of the results if the training stops. Many proposals have been made to overcome such limitations. In particular, it is important that specialized centers offer the opportunity to participate in ET and during the treatment the team should work to change the patient’s lifestyle by improving the execution of appropriate daily physical activity.

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“…During the last decades, studies have found numerous biomarkers, such as HbA 1c [4446], skin collagen glycation [15], plantar fascia thickness [47], AGEs [48,49], oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) [49], nitric oxide metabolic pathway products (NOx) [49], as well as H3K9 acetylation in monocyte [17], to predict the progression of diabetic vascular complications and the occurrence of metabolic memory. Recently, circulating microRNAs have been associated with diabetes and its vascular complications [50].…”

Section: Clinical Perspectives and Future Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic memory: mechanisms and implications for diabetic vasculopathies

Zhang

2014

Sci. China Life Sci.

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In the past decades, a persistent progression of diabetic vascular complications despite reversal of hyperglycemia has been observed in both experimental and clinical studies. This durable effect of prior hyperglycemia on the initiation and progression of diabetic vasculopathies was defined as "metabolic memory". Subsequently, enhanced glycation of cellular proteins and lipids, sustained oxidative stress, and prolonged inflammation were demonstrated to mediate this phenomenon. Recently, emerging evidence strongly suggests that epigenetic modifications may account for the molecular and phenotypic changes associated with hyperglycemic memory. In this review, we presented an overview on the discovery of metabolic memory, the recent progress in its molecular mechanisms, and the future implications related to its fundamental research and clinical application.

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Plantar Fascia Thickness is Longitudinally Associated with Retinopathy and Renal Dysfunction: A Prospective Study from Adolescence to Adulthood

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Imaging of plantar fascia disorders: findings on plain radiography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Imaging of plantar fascia disorders: findings on plain radiography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

Diabetic Foot and Exercise Therapy: Step by Step The Role of Rigid Posture and Biomechanics Treatment

Metabolic memory: mechanisms and implications for diabetic vasculopathies

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