Plants and Vitamins

Schöpfer, W. H.

doi:10.1097/00010694-194311000-00012

Cited by 49 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…For this purpose, whole ovaries, ovules or even embryos can be isolated and cultured in vitro (Sharma et al 1996). The embryo-rescue method was used for the first time in the cultures of isolated embryos of Phaseolus and Fagopyrum, which developed to mature plants (Schopfer 1943). This method is especially useful when the endosperm does not form or when it develops poorly, for example, after crossing Salix and Populus (Zenkteler et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa induced by distant pollination with Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus

Piosik¹,

Zenkteler²,

Zenkteler³

2015

Euphytica

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Haploidisation is a biotechnological method used to obtain plants with improved traits that are of use to humans. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), a well-known and popular leafy vegetable, is consumed worldwide. Its haploid form would provide a good basis for producing a pure line of plants (doubled haploids) allowing new varieties to be regenerated. The main aim of this work was to develop an effective haploidisation method for this economically important species. In order to stimulate the development of haploid embryos of lettuce based on our previous experience, we conducted in vivo distant pollination with fresh pollen grains of Helianthus annuus L. or H. tuberosus L. Because the haploid proembryos obtained after pollination did not develop further (despite the presence of cellular endosperm), we implemented the technique of in vitro culture of an isolated embryo sacs (surrounded by endothelium) with parthenogenetic embryos on various, modified Murashige and Skoog media. During the in vitro culture, we observed the formation of callus tissue and, after subsequent cultures of calluses, 23 haploid L. sativa plants were regenerated. The haploid status of the regenerated plantlets was confirmed by estimation of the genome size by flow cytometry, chromosome counting in root tips, stomata cell size and by disturbances in pollen formation resulting from abnormal microsporogenesis. This paper contains the complete protocol for obtaining haploid plants of L. sativa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa induced by distant pollination with Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus

Piosik¹,

Zenkteler²,

Zenkteler³

2015

Euphytica

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Section: The Effects Of Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been suggested that such a factor may be a vitamin (Constantin 1925, Schaffstein 1938, Schopfer 1943, Harley 1951, Burgeff 1959 . Vitamins have been shown to promote growth of plant tissues and organs in vitro (Bonner 1937, Schopfer 1943. Since supposedly pure agar (Robbins and White 1936, Hawker 1936, Robbins 1939) and sugar (Withner 1942, Noggle and Wynd 1943, Knudson 1952) contain a variety of vitamins and inhibitors as impurities, demonstration of vitamin requirements by orchid seedlings and seeds has been difficult (Withner 1959a, Arditti 1963, 1965a, because supposedly vitamin-free culture media in many instances may have contained sufficient amounts of vitamins.…”

Section: The Effects Of Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting the germination of orchid seeds

1967

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“…Addition of a mixture of biotin and thiamin at the concentration (0.03 f-tg biotin and 0.3 f-tg thiamin in 30 ml) found by Treschow (1944) to give maximum growth in liquid culture produced no significant increase in growth rate, the growth curve corresponding essentially to that on basal medium alone shown in Figure 2. However, since no attempt was made to protect the thiamin from being split into its pyrimidine and thiazole components by autoclaving at pH 7, some of it at least may have been in an inactive form (Rosenburg 1942;Schopfer 1943). Growth with unpurified agar was considerably more rapid than with purified, the rates being respectively 2.9 and 1.7 mm/day.…”

Section: (D) Effect Of Iaa On Growth On Solid Basal Culture Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growth-Promoting Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on the Common Cultivated Mushroom, Psalliota Hortensis (Cooke) Lange Forma Albida Lange

Fraser¹

1953

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryA strain of the white-capped form of the common cultivated mushroom, Psalliota hortensis (Cook;e,} Lange forma albida Lange, appeared unable to grow appreciably on a liquid basal medium which contained glucose, asparagine, and mineral salts. Addition of thiamin and biotin increased the growth a little . . A number of other vitamins were without effect. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in concentrations of from 5 to 100 mg/l markedly increased growth, particularly in the presence of thiamin and biotin, but only when the inoculum was floating on the surface of the culture medium. If the inoculum was submerged, addition of IAA had very little effect. The growth of both floating and submerged inocula was markedly increased by the addition of yeast extract, cotton wool extract, or mushroom compost extract, although these did not appear to contain appreciable quantities of IAA.The fungus grew fairly well on basal medium solidified with agar which had been purified to remove vitamins. Addition of thiamin or biotin did not promote growth. Concentrations of lAA of 10 and 100 mg/l almost completely prevented initial growth while concentrations of 0.001, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/l were without effect. However, after about 30 days vigorous growth commenced in the medium originally containing 10 mg/l IAA and proceeded at the same rate as in its absence. It seems probable that this was due to inactivation of the lAA by the small amount of mycelium formed.It is suggested that IAA may play a part in the growth processes of this fungus similar to that in higher plants, although the possibility that some related substance siIch as tryptophane is required for growth must also be considered, particularly in view of the unidentified growth-promoting factor present in various extracts.

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Plants and Vitamins

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa induced by distant pollination with Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus

Development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa induced by distant pollination with Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus

Factors affecting the germination of orchid seeds

The Growth-Promoting Effect of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on the Common Cultivated Mushroom, Psalliota Hortensis (Cooke) Lange Forma Albida Lange

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