Plasma Adipokines Profile in Prepubertal Children with a History of Prematurity or Extrauterine Growth Restriction

Ordóñez-Díaz, María Dolores; Gil-Campos, Mercedes; Flores-Rojas, Katherine; Muñoz-Villanueva, María Carmen; Aguilera, Concepción M.; Torre-Aguilar, María José de la; Pérez-Navero, Juan Luís

doi:10.3390/nu12041201

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Studies have found that preterm infants with EUGR are at increased risk of developing respiratory disease after their discharge from the hospital. They are also prone to developing physical dysplasia in the short term and may encounter complications such as adolescent hypertension, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities, and serious neurological development problems in the long term, which may affect quality of life (2)(3)(4)(5). Therefore, EUGR is still a serious problem in preterm infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation Into the Current Situation and Analysis of the Factors Influencing Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Preterm Infants

et al. 2021

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Objective: This study aims to explore the occurrence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, at discharge, and the factors influencing the occurrence of EUGR.Method: A retrospective analysis of 691 preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks, born in our hospital over the past 3 years. At discharge, the growth indicators head circumference, weight, and length were used to divide the infants into an EUGR group (n = 255) and the non-EUGR group (n = 436). The occurrence of EUGR and its influencing factors were then analyzed.Results: Of the 691 preterm infants evaluated for inclusion in the study, 255 cases (36.9%) met the requirements of EUGR at discharge. The different growth indicators used, i.e., weight, length, and head circumference, classified the infants differently. The incidence of EUGR using these measures was 30.2% (209), 27.9% (193), and 23.2% (161), respectively. The results of a univariate analysis showed that gestational age, birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), maternal gestational hypertension, age at which the infant commenced feeding, duration of the application of an invasive ventilator, length of hospital stay, nosocomial infection, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus, and the early onset of neonatal sepsis were correlated with the occurrence of EUGR. Further logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that low gestational age, low birth weight, complicated IUGR, respiratory distress syndrome, and necrotizing enterocolitis were independent risk factors for EUGR in preterm infants with a gestational age <34 weeks.Conclusion: In preterm infants with a gestational age <34 weeks in our hospital, there is a high incidence of EUGR, which is affected by factors such as the gestational age, birth weight, IUGR, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, and other factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation Into the Current Situation and Analysis of the Factors Influencing Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Preterm Infants

et al. 2021

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“…To help to elucidate this question, we conducted a prospective study in preterm children without FGR, with and without EUGR, which were evaluated later at prepubertal age, from 6 to 13 years old. Some of the results of this study have recently been published, showing an increased risk of cardiometabolic alterations, changes in plasma adipokines' profile and higher low-grade inflammation in preterm children with EUGR compared with those growing properly and term children (19,20). Early programming of the adipose tissue has been suggested in EUGR children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The sample involved 211 Caucasian children born between 1996 and 2008, recruited at school age with prepubertal status (Tanner 1) and delivered in the same neonatal unit in a tertiary hospital. Children were classified into one of three groups, as reported elsewhere (19,20). Briefly, the first group, identified as the EUGR group, included prepubertal children with the following criteria: a history of prematurity: ≤32 weeks gestational age (GA); a weight above P10 for GA at birth and without the diagnosis of FGR following the international consensus of the Ultrasound Obstetrics and Gynaecology (22); the development of postnatal growth restriction or "a true EUGR, " according to the definitions proposed in the literature (weight <P3 at 36 weekspostmenstrual age and discharge from the neonatal unit) (18).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impaired Antioxidant Defence Status Is Associated With Metabolic-Inflammatory Risk Factors in Preterm Children With Extrauterine Growth Restriction: The BIORICA Cohort Study

et al. 2021

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Introduction: An impaired antioxidant status has been described during foetal growth restriction (FGR). Similarly, the antioxidant defence system can be compromised in preterm children with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the antioxidant status in prepubertal children with a history of prematurity without FGR, with and without EUGR, compared to a healthy group.Methods: In total, 211 children were recruited and classified into three groups: 38 with a history of prematurity and EUGR; 50 with a history of prematurity and adequate extrauterine growth (AEUG); and 123 control children born at term. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were assessed in lysed erythrocytes with spectrophotometric methods. Plasma levels of the antioxidants α-tocopherol, retinol and β-carotene were determined through solvent extraction and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.Results: Children with the antecedent of EUGR and prematurity had lower CAT activity than the other two groups and lower GPx activity than the control children. Lower SOD, GPx and GR activities were observed in the AEUG group compared to the controls. However, higher concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were found in the EUGR group compared to the other groups; retinol levels were also higher in EUGR than in AEUG children. In EUGR and AEUG children, enzymatic antioxidant activities and plasma antioxidants were associated with metabolic syndrome components and pro-inflammatory biomarkers.Conclusions: This study reveals, for the first time, that the EUGR condition and prematurity appear to be linked to an impairment of the antioxidant defence status, which might condition an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes later in life.

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“…It is already in early infancy that various functional system disorders (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neural, etc.) and type 2 diabetes are diagnosed in such children [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Therefore, researchers are focused on studying the causes and pathogenic mechanisms of endocrine pathology development in children in early ontogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis

Ivanov

Evsyukova

Mironova

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented. Melatonin, by controlling DNA methylation and histone modification, prevents changes in gene expression that are directly related to the programming of endocrine pathology in offspring. Deficiency and absence of the circadian rhythm of maternal melatonin underlies violations of the genetic program for the development of hormonal and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of the functional systems of the child, which determines the programming and implementation of endocrine pathology in early ontogenesis, contributing to its development in later life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of endocrine disorders determines a new approach to risk assessment and timely prevention of offspring diseases even at the stage of family planning.

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Plasma Adipokines Profile in Prepubertal Children with a History of Prematurity or Extrauterine Growth Restriction

Cited by 6 publications

References 68 publications

Investigation Into the Current Situation and Analysis of the Factors Influencing Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Preterm Infants

Investigation Into the Current Situation and Analysis of the Factors Influencing Extrauterine Growth Retardation in Preterm Infants

Impaired Antioxidant Defence Status Is Associated With Metabolic-Inflammatory Risk Factors in Preterm Children With Extrauterine Growth Restriction: The BIORICA Cohort Study

Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis

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