Plasma and Urinary Levels of Zearalenone and α‐Zearalenol in a Prepubertal Gilt Fed Zearalenone

Abstract

One prepubertal gilt, fed 192 μg zearalenone/kg body weight/day for 4 days, showed plasma concentrations of α‐zearalenol 3–4 times higher than of the parent compound during the treatment. Zearalenone and α‐zearalenol could be traced in plasma until the 5th day and in urine until the 4th day of the posttreatment period. A maximum circulating amount of zearalenone plus α‐zearalenol, 10.4 ng/ml plasma, was found on the 4th day of treatment followed by an urinary excretion of 305 ng/ml urine. All zearalenone and α‐zearalenol in plasma and urine were bound to glucuronic acid. On the second day of treatment the animal showed oedema and reddening of the vulva which became more pronounced during the treatment. Hormone analysis, however, showed that the animal had no oestrus cycle during the 3 week experimental period.

Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 and their metabolites in pig urine as biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure

“…Present results showed, in agreement with the results of Olsen et al (1985b), a weak response of βZOL compared to those of ZEA and αZOL when measured by fluorescence detector. In addition, the response of βZOL in the fluorescence detector also had a high variation and was weaker than those in the UV detector.…”

“…The detection limits of AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , AFG 2 , and AFM 1 were 0.36, 0.28, 1.0, 0.5, and 0.5 ng/ml, respectively. The detection limits of the current method for ZEA, DON and their metabolites were better or in the same range as those for pig urine in previous methods (Olsen et al 1985b;Zöllner et al 2002;Döll et al 2003;Razzazi-Fazeli et al 2003;Valenta et al 2003).…”

“…Olsen et al (1985b) found that 15.6% of ingested ZEA from 5 mg/kg feed was excreted in urine as ZEA and αZOL within 8 h. Most of ZEA were found as glucuronide conjugates. The total concentrations of ZEA and αZOL in the urine were between 50 and 159 ng/ml and 50 and 200 ng/ml, respectively.…”

“…Methods for urine analysis of mycotoxins have mainly been described for human studies (Kussak et al 1995;Meky et al 2003), and in pig feeding studies with the separate mycotoxins (Olsen et al 1985b;Jodlbauer et al 2000;Valenta et al 2003). Recent methods have used immunoaffinity column cleanup followed by HPLC analysis.…”

Effect of atrazine and zearalenone on the numer of receptor binding sites for 3H-estradiol in the rat uterus cytosol

“…Zearalenone induces characteristic changes, mainly in swine, which are known as the vulvovaginitis syndrome followed by a continuous estrus (Mirocha et al, 1971;Chang et al, 1979;Blaney et al, 1984;Glavits and Vanyi, 1995), and reproduction impairments caused by lower concentrations of zearalenone (Kordic et al, 1992;Vanyi et al, 1994). The physiological activity of zearalenone and its derivatives can be explained by their competition with 17β-estradiol for the specific receptor binding site and interference with steroid enzymes (Kiang et al, 1978;Boyd and Witliff, 1978;Kiessling and Petterson, 1978;Thouvenot and Morfin, 1980;Olsen et al, 1981Olsen et al, , 1985.…”