Plasma Chemical Technology—The Future of the Chemical Industry

Vurzel, F. B.; Polak, L.S.

doi:10.1021/ie50726a004

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This property directly reflects the ability of adhesion of other materials on its surface, for example, glues, inks, primers, adhesives, printing, among others (Vurzel and Polak 1970). Plasmas may be employed to functionalize the surface creating functional groups increasing the surface energy.…”

Section: Plasmas For Materials Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many processes in non-equilibrium low-temperature plasmas which are of commercial interest are (Vurzel and Polak 1970): oxidation of nitrogen contained in air in microwave plasma, production of C 2 F 4 in glow discharge, decomposition of nitrous oxide in silent discharge, synthesis of hydrocyanic acid in a nitrogenmethane mixture, reduction of tetrachloride titanium by means of hydrogen, reduction of zirconium halides, production of boranes (B 2 H 6 , B 10 H 16 , etc. ), and hydrazine.…”

Section: Plasmas For Materials Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Low-Temperature Plasmas

Loureiro

Amorim

2016

Graduate Texts in Physics

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Low-temperature plasmas are present in a broad field of technological applications and experimented an enormous growth after the end of the twentieth century. The most important examples of applications are lamps, pretreatment of polymer materials, packaging materials, treatment of surfaces, waste, air pollution mitigation, microelectronics, and flat panels display. Recently new applications in medicine, pharmacy, foods, biology, biomass and biofuel processing, attracted the interest of the industry and the scientific community.The purpose of this chapter is not to be exhaustive but illustrates some important industrial and technological applications. The fields where low-temperature plasmas are being employed today is vast, rapidly growing, and cannot be described in a single book chapter, so clearly well beyond this textbook. Of course, much will be left out, however a special emphasize will be stressed here in these new breakthrough applications of plasmas in health science, production of biofuels and agriculture. Plasmas for Materials ProcessingPlasma technologies are being used in industry due to their ability to offer a wide spectrum of possible treatments of materials. These plasmas are in fact source of heat and reactive species that have unique physical and chemical properties induced by charged particles. The main applications of these discharges are (Bonizzoni and Vassallo 2002): destruction of toxic/harmful materials, superficial modification of materials and creation of new materials.In industry basically two kind of plasmas are employed; the plasma torches which are thermal plasmas produced at high pressure by direct current, alternating electric fields like RF or microwaves. These plasmas have electron temperatures around

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Section: Plasmas For Materials Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasmas For Materials Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Low-Temperature Plasmas

Loureiro

Amorim

2016

Graduate Texts in Physics

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“…The plasma reactors have potentially wide applications in the production of high purity materials, surface treatment, surface coatings, chemical synthesis, and chemical processing . Table gives the examples of practical importance where plasma reactors are useful .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow and temperature patterns in an inductively coupled plasma reactor: Experimental measurements and CFD simulations

Punjabi

Sahasrabudhe²,

Ghorui³

et al. 2014

AIChE Journal

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Measurements of temperature patterns in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) have been carried out experimentally. Plasma torch was operated at different RF powers in the range of 3-14 kW at near atmospheric pressure and over a wide range of sheath gas flow rate (3-25 lpm). Measurements were made at five different axial positions in ICP torch. The chordal intensities were converted into a radial intensity profile by Abel Inversion technique. Typical radial temperature profile shows an off-axis temperature peak, which shifts toward the wall as the power increases. Temperatures in the range of 6000-14,000 K were recorded by this method. The temperature profiles in the plasma reactor were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A good agreement was found between the CFD predictions of the flow and temperature pattern with those published in the literature as well as the temperature profiles measured in the present work.

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“…Introduction. -La chimie des plasmas a traité au cours des 10 dernières années un nombre considérable de problèmes par l'emploi de techniques plasmas, aussi sans faire un recensement exhaustif de tous les essais entrepris, il est néanmoins possible de citer quelques exemples précis d'application : Synthèse de produits à formation endothermique : acétylène, acide cyanhydrique, cyanogène, oxynitrures de métaux [1,2,20,23,14] ;…”

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“…-Son étude consistera à effectuer une analyse des coûts à chaque étape étudiée précédemment.Cette étude nous amènera donc à définir un coût en kWh/kg de produit pour un investissement donné (Tableau VI).4.2 ATELIER DE FABRICATION. -L'atelier de fabrication comprendra outre le réacteur toutes les unités de prétraitement des réactifs et d'affinage des produits, les aires de stockage, les unités de contrôle, les unités de traitement des eaux et fumés, etc.... Une étude désormais complète permet une comparaison entre les procédés (Tableau VII)[23].5. Conclusion.…”

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Caractéristiques des sources à plasmas nécessaires aux processus chimiques

Amouroux

1977

Rev. Phys. Appl. (Paris)

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2014 Les travaux sur les sources à plasma ont permis d'établir une distinction technologique et théorique entre source à effet thermique (arc, torche) et source à excitation sélective (laser, décharge couronne...). Toutefois leurs applications au domaine de la production posent simultanément le problème :1) du choix de la source, 2) du choix du réacteur de synthèse et de trempe.Pour apporter des éléments de réponse à ces questions il est d'abord nécessaire d'avoir une bonne connaissance des caractéristiques physiques de la décharge (nature des espèces excitées, niveau d'excitation, durée de vie...) et de ses caractéristiques techniques de fonctionnement (technologie, limites d'emploi, puissance, rendement énergétique...). En effet la source est un des éléments de l'atelier de fabrication et sa connaissance précisera les caractéristiques de fonctionnement du réacteur haute énergie, lieu de synthèse ou d'élaboration d'espèces chimiques nouvelles (atomes, radicaux ou molécules).Enfin le réacteur de trempe permet la recombinaison ou la conservation des espèces élaborées dans la zone haute énergie. Ainsi l'association source à plasma, réacteur haute énergie, réacteur de trempe permet la réalisation d'un procédé adapté à un objectif précis, c'est-à-dire autorisant un taux de conversion et un rendement énergétique aussi élevé que possible. Abstract. 2014 Plasma source studies have permitted classification of electrical discharges into two main types according to their effect : thermal (arc, torch) ; or selective excitation (laser, corona and glow discharges).The application of the sources to chemical engineering introduces two questions : 1) the choice of the discharge, 2) the choice of the chemical quenching and synthesis reactor.

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Plasma Chemical Technology—The Future of the Chemical Industry

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Applications of Low-Temperature Plasmas

Applications of Low-Temperature Plasmas

Flow and temperature patterns in an inductively coupled plasma reactor: Experimental measurements and CFD simulations

Caractéristiques des sources à plasmas nécessaires aux processus chimiques

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