Plasma Concentration of Fentanyl with Xenon to Block Somatic and Hemodynamic Responses to Surgical Incision

Abstract

Comparing these results with previously published results in the presence of 70% nitrous oxide, the fentanyl requirement in xenon anesthesia is smaller than that in the equianesthetic nitrous oxide anesthesia.

The Effects of Xenon Anesthesia on the Relationship Between Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Blood Flow in Healthy Subjects: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

“…[1][2][3] In addition to its analgesic potency, 4 xenon has also been shown to possess significant cardioprotective and neuroprotective capacity. [5][6][7] Because of these organ-protective characteristics, interest in xenon has been propagated.…”

Hemodynamic responses at intubation, change of position, and skin incision: A comparison of multimodal analgesia with conventional analgesic regime

“…[4] In clinical anesthesia, as there is no specific indicator for nociceptive-antinociceptive balance, anesthesiologists use isolated nonspecific autonomic responses (HR and BP) as the end points in anesthetizing surgical patients. [15] Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are an integral part of general anesthesia to secure the airway, whereas change of position (prone position) and skin incision are the requirements for surgical access.…”

Effect of xenon on catecholamine and hemodynamic responses to surgical noxious stimulation in humans

“…Previous studies have shown that xenon has an analgesic action similar to that of N 2 O [18][19][20][21] and that xenon has a greater analgesic effect than sevoflurane. The concentration of fentanyl necessary to prevent a hemodynamic response in 50% of patients at 0.7 MAC is 0.94 ng/mL with xenon [22] and 1.8 ng/mL with sevoflurane [23], and the ratio of MAC-awake-MAC is 0.46 with xenon and 0.35 for sevoflurane [24]. Hence, the analgesic effect of xenon can be an important factor in the suppression of the catecholamine and hemodynamic responses.…”