Plasma disposition and milk excretion of eprinomectin following pour‐on administration in lactating donkeys

Gökbulut, Cengiz; Naturali, S.; Rufrano, Domenico; Anastasio, Aniello; Yalinkilinc, Hande Sultan; Veneziano, Vincenzo

doi:10.1111/jvp.12023

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Eprinomectin (EPM) administered as a pour-on preparation and at a dose rate rec-comended for cattle is effective against D. arnfieldi infection in donkeys (Veneziano et al , 2011). The low level of excretion of EPM in donkey milk, which is lower than the maximum residue limit in bovine milk (20 µg/kg) (WHO/FAO, 1999), led to take into account the use of EPM in lactating donkeys at cattle dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight, thus avoiding any risk to food safety (Gokbulut et al , 2012). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Ragona¹,

Corrias²,

Benedetti³

et al. 2016

Ital J Food Safety

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This study presents an investigation of Amiata donkey health and quality of milk for human consumption. Thirty-one lactating dairy jennies were examined. The following samples were collected: faecal samples from the rectum of animals for parasitological examination; cervical swabs for the detection of bacteria causing reproductive disorders; and blood samples for serological diagnosis of main zoonotic (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp.) and donkey abortion agents (Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Salmonella abortus equi, Equine viral arterithis virus, Equine herpesvirus type 1). In addition, individual milk samples were collected and analysed for mastitis-causing pathogens and milk quality. Regarding animal health, we detected a high prevalence of strongyle parasites in donkeys. It is very important to tackle parasitic diseases correctly. Selective control programmes are preferable in order to reduce anthelmintic drug use. For dairy donkeys, withdrawal periods from anthelmintic drugs need to be carefully managed, in accordance with EU and national regulations. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in milk highlights the importance of preventing contamination during milking, by adopting appropriate hygiene and safety practices at a farm level. Lysozyme activity was high compared to cow’s milk, contributing to the inhibitory activity against certain bacteria. Donkey milk was characterised by high lactose content, low caseins, low fat, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids compared to ruminant milks. Unsaturated fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids in particular have become known for their beneficial health effect, which is favourable for human diet. These characteristics make it suitable for infants and children affected by food intolerance/allergies to bovine milk proteins and multiple food allergies as well as for adults with dyslipidemias. It is also recommended to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Ragona¹,

Corrias²,

Benedetti³

et al. 2016

Ital J Food Safety

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“…The pharmacokinetic parameters of pour‐on EPM have been recently studied in donkeys (Gokbulut et al ., , ), and the plasma disposition of EPM in horses in our study differs from that in donkeys. Subsequently, the terminal half‐life ( T 1/2 : 1.37 days), plasma availability (AUC: 17.69 ng·d/mL) and persistence (MRT: 2.93 days) of EPM are significantly lower in horses, compared with those observed in donkeys ( T 1/2 : 5.64 days, AUC: 73.39 ng·d/mL and MRT: 8.98 days).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although the pour‐on formulation of endectocides was administered at higher dosage, their plasma availabilities via the topical route were much lower compared with per os or subcutaneous administration due to their poor or limited absorption through the skin, as previously reported in different equine (Gokbulut et al ., , , ) and ruminant species (Alvinerie et al ., ,b; Dupuy et al ., , ; Laffont et al ., ; Sallovitz et al ., ; Gokbulut et al ., , ) and as recently reviewed by McKellar and Gokbulut (). Our data obtained in horses were consistent with previous findings, with significantly higher C max (25.84 ng/mL) and greater AUC (80.91 ng·d/mL) values of per os IVM compared with those of pour‐on EPM ( C max : 5.03 ng/mL and AUC: 17.69 ng·d/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EPM is particularly preferred for use in dairy cows because it has a minimal excretion rate in milk (milk to plasma ratio: 0.17), suggesting that EPM can be used safely in lactating cows with zero milk‐withdrawal time after treatment of parasitic infections (Shoop et al ., ). Similarly, a recent study indicated that the pour‐on formulation of EPM also has a minimal disposition rate into milk (the ratio of AUC milk/plasma : 0.16 ± 0.04) and may be used in lactating donkeys with a zero milk‐withdrawal period (Gokbulut et al ., ). Furthermore, EPM has been found to be effective against some endo‐ and ectoparasites of donkeys (Gokbulut et al ., ; Veneziano et al ., , ) and horses (Ural et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative plasma and milk dispositions, faecal excretion and efficacy of per os ivermectin and pour‐on eprinomectin in horses

Gökbulut

Özüiçli

Akşit

et al. 2016

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The horse milk gains increasing interest as a food product for sensitive consumers, such as children with food allergies or elderly people. We investigated the plasma and milk disposition, faecal excretion and efficacy of per os ivermectin (IVM) and pour-on eprinomectin (EPM) in horses. Ten mares were divided into two groups. The equine paste formulation of IVM and bovine pour-on formulation of EPM were administered orally and topically at dosage of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight. Blood, milk and faecal samples were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration and persistence of IVM were significantly greater and longer compared with those of EPM. Surprisingly, EPM displayed a much higher disposition rate into milk (AUC : 0.48) than IVM (AUC : 0.19). IVM exhibited significantly higher faecal excretion (AUC : 7148.54 ng·d/g) but shorter faecal persistence (MRT : 1.17 days) compared with EPM (AUC : 42.43 ng·d/g and MRT : 3.29 days). Faecal strongyle egg counts (EPG) were performed before and at weekly intervals after treatment. IVM reduced the EPG by 96-100% for up to 8 weeks, whereas the reduction in the EPM group varied from 78 to 99%. In conclusion, due to the relatively low excretion in milk, EPM and IVM may be used safely in lactating mares if their milk is used for human consumption. Nevertheless, much lower plasma and faecal availabilities of EPM could result in subtherapeutic concentrations, which may increase the risk of drug resistance in nematodes after pour-on EPM administration compared with per os IVM.

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“…Eprinomectin also has high efficacy for many endectoparasites and can be applied to milking cows because of the low level of drug excretion in milk (Gokbulut et al 2012;Mason et al 2012;Reist et al 2011;Schoop et al 1996aSchoop et al , 1996bWilliams et al 1997). Larvicidal efficacy of eprinomectin against ectoparasitic flies occurring on cattle dung was examined by Floate et al (2001), but its effects on nontarget coprophagous insects have been investigated in only a few papers in a limited number of countries M. Iwasa (&) Á M. Sugitani Laboratory of Entomology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan e-mail: iwasa@obihiro.ac.jp (Floate et al 2002;Lumaret et al 2005;Wardhaugh et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the veterinary antiparasitic drug eprinomectin on dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), the non-pest fly Neomyia cornicina and pest fly Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) in Japan

Iwasa

Sugitani

2014

Appl Entomol Zool

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Effects of the antiparasitic drug eprinomectin were studied in the laboratory and field experiments in Hokkaido, Japan, by pour-on administrations (500 lg/kg) on the pest fly Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus), nontarget coprophagous fly Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius), and the dung beetles Caccobius jessoensis Harold and Liatongus minutus (Motschulsky). Eprinomectin excreted into cattle dung was highest at 3 days post-treatment in both experiments, then it declined rapidly at 7 days and was not detected on or after day 14 post-treatment. In laboratory experiments, pupation and emergence rates of H. irritans and N. cornicina were hampered from 1 to 14 days posttreatment. There were no significant differences in the numbers of brood balls constructed by C. jessoensis in dung from treated and control cattle. Adult emergence rates of C. jessoensis were significantly reduced on days 1 and 3 post-treatment in dung from treated cattle. There were no significant differences in the numbers of brood balls constructed by L. minutus in dung from treated and control cattle, but survival rates of larvae were significantly reduced on days 1 and 3 post-treatment. In field experiments, the numbers of brood balls by L. minutus recovered from beneath dung pats were significantly larger in number in dung from treated cattle, suggesting that adult beetles are attracted to dung pats from treated cattle. Survival rates of larvae in these brood balls of L. minutus were significantly reduced 1 day post-treatment in dung pats from treated cattle, and equivalent levels to the control were restored 7 days post-treatment. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of endectocides on nontarget insects in grazing pastures.

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Plasma disposition and milk excretion of eprinomectin following pour‐on administration in lactating donkeys

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality

Comparative plasma and milk dispositions, faecal excretion and efficacy of per os ivermectin and pour‐on eprinomectin in horses

Effects of the veterinary antiparasitic drug eprinomectin on dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), the non-pest fly Neomyia cornicina and pest fly Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) in Japan

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