Plasma Electrolytic Modification of Zirconium and Its Alloys: Brief Review

Крит, Б. Л.; Apelfeld, A. V.; Борисов, А. М.; Morozova, N. V.; Ракоч, А. Г.; Суминов, И. В.; Grigoriev, Sergey N.

doi:10.3390/ma16165543

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…Plasma electrolytic treatment (e.g., Plasma electrolytic oxidation) [177,302,[353][354][355][356][357][358][359][360] Simple, inexpensive, and environmentally safe method. It allows to apply various (in particular, polymeric) coatings on metal and ceramic substrates with their simultaneous cleaning in order to increase the corrosion resistance of implants.…”

Section: Combined Processing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Implants: Modern Materials and Methods of Their Surface Modification

Sotova,

Yanushevich,

Kriheli

et al. 2023

Materials

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The development of dental implantology is based on the detailed study of the interaction of implants with the surrounding tissues and methods of osteogenesis stimulation around implants, which has been confirmed by the increasing number of scientific publications presenting the results of studies related to both the influence of the chemical composition of dental implant material as well as the method of its surface modification on the key operational characteristics of implants. The main materials for dental implant manufacturing are Ti and its alloys, stainless steels, Zr alloys (including ceramics based on ZrO2), and Ta and its alloys, as well as other materials (ceramics based on Al2O3, Si3N4, etc.). The review presents alloy systems recommended for use in clinical practice and describes their physical–mechanical and biochemical properties. However, when getting into the body, the implants are subjected to various kinds of mechanical influences, which are aggravated by the action of an aggressive biological environment (electrolyte with a lot of Cl− and H+); it can lead to the loss of osteointegration and to the appearance of the symptoms of the general intoxication of the organism because of the metal ions released from the implant surface into the biological tissues of the organism. Since the osteointegration and biocompatibility of implants depend primarily on the properties of their surface layer (it is the implant surface that makes contact with the tissues of the body), the surface modification of dental implants plays an important role, and all methods of surface modification can be divided into mechanical, physical, chemical, and biochemical methods (according to the main effect on the surface). This review discusses several techniques for modifying dental implant surfaces and provides evidence for their usefulness.

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Section: Combined Processing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental Implants: Modern Materials and Methods of Their Surface Modification

Sotova,

Yanushevich,

Kriheli

et al. 2023

Materials

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Frequency Response Evaluation as Diagnostic and Optimization Tool for Pulsed Unipolar Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Process and Resultant Coatings on Zirconium

Parfenov,

Farrakhov,

Aubakirova

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study aims to bridge various diagnostic tools for the development of smart plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technologies. PEO treatments of commercially pure Zr were carried out using the pulsed unipolar polarisation (PUP) regime with frequency sweep in an alkaline phosphate-silicate electrolyte. Methods of in situ impedance spectroscopy and electrical transient analysis were used for the process diagnostics under the video imaging of the PEO. Two cutoff frequencies, 170–190 Hz and 620–650 Hz, were identified for the PEO-assisted charge transfer process. An equivalent circuit for the metal–oxide–electrolyte system under PUP PEO conditions was developed; from the capacitance values, two geometrical dielectric barriers were evaluated: a thinner 0.5–1 µm inner layer of the coating and a thicker 4–6 µm outer layer. These estimates were in agreement with the coating cross-sectional morphology. Based on comparing the results obtained using different techniques, the frequencies at which the uniform coatings with the best protective properties were formed were identified. For the selected electrolyte system and polarisation regime, these frequencies ranged from 2 to 5 kHz where the overall circuit reactance was minimal; therefore, the power factor was as close to one as possible. This opens the possibilities for the optimization of the pulsed PEO process and online control of unobservable surface characteristics, e.g., the thickness of the coating layers, thus contributing towards the development of smart PEO technologies.

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Investigation on the effect of technological parameters of electrolyte-plasma cementation method on phase structure and mechanical properties of structural steel 20X

Rakhadilov,

Bayatanova,

Kurbanbekov

et al. 2023

AIMSMATES

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<abstract> This article presents the results of a study on the effect of electrolyte-plasma cementation on the phase composition of the surface-modified layer and the mechanical properties of 20X steel using different solutions. It has been determined that electrolyte-plasma cementation followed by quenching in solutions containing (a) 10% calcined soda (Na2CO3), 10% urea (CH4N2O), 10% glycerin (C3H8O3) and 70% distilled water and (b) 10% calcined soda (Na2CO3), 20% urea (CH4N2O) and 70% distilled water, results in the formation of a modified structure on the surface of 20X steel. This structure mainly consists of the α-Fe phase, along with separate particles of reinforcing phases, Fe3C and Fe3C7 carbides and martensitic αx-Fe phase. The plasma of the electrolyte was used to heat the samples. Then these samples were partially immersed in the electrolyte and held at a temperature of 950 ℃ for 5 min, followed by quenching. As a result of this process, it was found that 20X steel exhibits higher hardness. After the electrolyte plasma cementation, it was observed that the friction coefficient of the modified surface of the steel samples significantly decreased. Additionally, the wear volume was reduced by more than 6.5 times compared to the initial state. The average microhardness after the electrolyte-plasma cementation is 660 HV, which is nearly four times higher than that of the initial material. </abstract>

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Plasma Electrolytic Modification of Zirconium and Its Alloys: Brief Review

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Dental Implants: Modern Materials and Methods of Their Surface Modification

Dental Implants: Modern Materials and Methods of Their Surface Modification

Frequency Response Evaluation as Diagnostic and Optimization Tool for Pulsed Unipolar Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Process and Resultant Coatings on Zirconium

Investigation on the effect of technological parameters of electrolyte-plasma cementation method on phase structure and mechanical properties of structural steel 20X

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