Plasma Enzyme Levels in the Anaesthetised Dog during Drainage of Thoracic Duct Lymph

Bolter, Christopher P.; Critz, Jerry B.

doi:10.1159/000458839

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Even for skeletal muscle with its well-known extremely low capillary perme ability (19), a direct venous entry of several cell enzymes (e.g. lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase) is suggested (3,(26)(27)(28) whereas for creatine kinase, for example, the lymphatic transport is believed to be more important during physical exertion (2).…”

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Lymphatic Transport of Cellular Enzymes from Muscle into the Intravascular Compartment

Lindena¹,

Küpper²,

Friedel³

et al. 1979

Enzyme

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In an experimental study, employing anaesthetized dogs, it was investigated whether cellular enzymes from peripheral skeletal muscle get into the circulating blood by diffusion across capillary membranes or by lymphatic transport. In the experimental group 1, the animals were anaesthetized only. The plasma activities of the four enzymes measured — lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase did not show any mentionable change during a time period of 6 h. In group 2 one hind limb of each animal was moved passively for 1 h. Alanine aminotransferase remained unchanged in plasma, the activities of the three other enzymes increased significantly. In group 3 one hind limb was made hypoxic by clamping the femoral blood vessels for 1 h. No activity changes were observed. When the period of hypoxia was followed by a 1-hour period of passive movement in group 4, the alterations in plasma activities were almost identical to those observed in group 2. In group 5 the experimental procedure was as in group 4, in addition the lymph from the thoracic duct was quantitatively withdrawn. The enzyme activities in plasma revealed a tendency to decrease rather than increase. Lymph flow increased significantly as well as the lymphatic activities of those enzymes which have high intracellular activities in muscle. The results prove, that enzymes from muscle are transported from the interstitial into the intravascular compartment mainly by lymphatic transport. Indications were found that the interruption of blood flow in one hind limb did not result in an enzyme release from muscle cells. It is discussed how changes in lymph flow, occurring during physical exercise for example, affect enzyme activities in plasma.

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confidence: 99%

Lymphatic Transport of Cellular Enzymes from Muscle into the Intravascular Compartment

Lindena¹,

Küpper²,

Friedel³

et al. 1979

Enzyme

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“…It is, however, somewhat surprising that for skeletal muscle, with its well-known extremely low capillary permeability due to 'continuous' capillaries [6,25] a direct ve nous entry is proposed. Experimental data on this assumption are primarly advanced by Bolter and Critz [2,3] and by Szabó et al [28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most data concern evaluation of the thoracic duct lymph under physiological and various pathological conditions, al though limited in quantity and in the number of enzymes investigated [2,3,9,18,29,30,33]. These investigations, however, only per mitted indirect conclusions about the partic ular tissue as source of the observed enzyme changes, due to the fact that the thoracic duct lymph is a mixed body lymph.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In spite of this deficit of data, or maybe just for this reason, there is at present contro versial discussion whether enzymes of tissue origin reach the intravascular compartment by direct interstitial-venous entry or via lymph [2,3,9,18,29,30]. In evaluating this question, hypoxia is a commonly employed experimental model, which is thought to pro voke increased release of enzymes of energe tically imbalanced tissue cells [13,28], and whose appearance in lymph and/or plasma has been studied.…”

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Enzymatic Composition of Canine Leg Lymph

Lindena¹,

Küpper²,

Trautschold³

1982

Enzyme

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In an experimental study employing anaesthetised dogs, lymph from the deep lymphatic system in a hind leg was sampled at 15-min intervals. Lymph and corresponding plasma samples were analysed for ten different enzymes and for protein. In a control group a preliminary period of 15-min lymph collections was followed by 1 h of ‘rest’ (no passive movement of leg) and restoration of the lymph flow for another 2 h. In a hypoxic group during the 1 h of‘rest’ the blood supply of a hind limb was interrupted to cause an increase of enzyme release. Neither lymphatic enzyme activity nor lymphatic transport of enzymes was increased by hypoxia. Enzyme activities in plasma did not show any elevation either. From lymph plasma quotients of enzymes and protein it is deduced that cellular enzymes have to be transported into the intravascular space by lymph flow and scarcely via a direct entry across capillaries.

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“…From this general formulation, whose limitations have been discussed above, it is questionable whether enzymes in heart and muscle reach the intravascular space directly, äs proposed by several authors (31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40).…”

Section: Lymph Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review

1983

CCLM

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Lymph is the minute net volume of contending hydrostatic and osmotic capillary forces. It is built up extravasculary in tissues and reaches the intravasal space by definite lymph collecting vessels, which enter the venous System at the angulus venosus at the root of the neck. Sampling methods for lymph from individual tissues or from lymph collecting vessels of man and various animals afe cited and the preparation of lymph for enzymatic analysis is described. The extracellular distribution and transport of enzymes is important for diagnostic enzymology, because enzymes released from cells in continuous physiological processes, or after injury to the tissue, reach the intravasal space mainly via the lymphatics. This is evident from the high lymph-plasma ratios of diagnostically important enzymes. The type of enzyme transport (lymphatic or by direct interstitialvenous entry) depends on the heterogeneity of the capillary barrier characteristic of the different organs. The permeability is extremely high in liver, i.e. enzymes in hepatic lymph originale mainly from blood, which they have reached through the large openings in the sinusoidal endothelial lining; in contrast the permeability is extremely low in skeletal muscle, where lymphatic transport therefore predominates. The phenömenon of increased enzyme activities in plasma after physical exertion is explained by alterations of lymph flow. A table gives a survey of enzyme activities, lymph-plasma quotients, and lymph flow from lymph vessels of various tissues äs well äs from the lymph collecting vessels of man and animals, with comments on the significance for diagnostic enzymology. Enzyme in der Lymphe: Eine ÜbersichtZusammenfassung: Lymphe ist das in Geweben extravasal im Widerstreit hydrostatischer und osmotischer kapillarer Kräfte gebildete Flüssigkeitsvolumen und wird über definierte Lymphsammelgefäße dem Intravasalsystem im Venenwinkel am Hals mündend, wieder zugeführt. Techniken der Gewinnung von Lymphe als definierte^Organlymphe oder aus Lymphsammelgefäßen bei Mensch und Tier werden zitiert und ihre Aufbereitung für die enzymatische Analyse beischrieben. Die Bedeutung der Transport-und Verteilungsfunktion von Enzymen über die Lymphe für die diagnostische Enzymologie erklärt sich daraus, daß Enzyme, die kontinuierlich als physiologischer Prozeß oder nach Schädigung des Gewebes aus Zellen austreten, den Intravasalraum vorwiegend über die Lymphe erreichen, was sich in hohen Lymph-Plasma Aktivitätsverhältnissen von diagnostisch verwertbaren Enzymen ausdrückt. Die Art des Enzymtransports -direkt interstitiell-venös oder lymphatisch -hängt von dem verschiedenartigen kapillaren Bamereverhalten in den unterschiedlichen Organen ab. Die Permeabilität ist extrem hoch in der Leber, d.h. Enzyme in der Leberlymphe stammen überwiegend aus dem Blut, das sie über direkten sinusoidalen Zugang erreicht haben; und die Permeabilität ist extrem niedrig in der Skelettmuskulatur, d.h. hier dominiert der lymphatische Transport. Die nach körperlicher Belastung im Plasma zu beobacht...

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Plasma Enzyme Levels in the Anaesthetised Dog during Drainage of Thoracic Duct Lymph

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Lymphatic Transport of Cellular Enzymes from Muscle into the Intravascular Compartment

Lymphatic Transport of Cellular Enzymes from Muscle into the Intravascular Compartment

Enzymatic Composition of Canine Leg Lymph

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