Plasma gasification of wood and production of gas with low content of tar

Hlína, M.; Hrabovský, Milan; Kopecký, Vladimı́r; Konrád, M.; Kavka, T.; Skoblja, S.

doi:10.1007/s10582-006-0347-4

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As well as the described gasification technologies, which are well-developed due to their use in coal gasification, a few novel technologies have been developed over the last decade, including plasma gasification and supercritical water gasification [60]. Plasma gasification is of interest due to low tar content in the producer gas and high conversion efficiencies [78]. Likewise, the use of water in the supercritical state as a gasification agent has demonstrated improved gasification efficiency, and has recently undergone considerable research for the production of hydrogen [79].…”

Section: Biomass Syngas and Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

2012

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Abstract:The use of gas fermentation for the production of low carbon biofuels such as ethanol or butanol from lignocellulosic biomass is an area currently undergoing intensive research and development, with the first commercial units expected to commence operation in the near future. In this process, biomass is first converted into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 )-rich synthesis gas (syngas) via gasification, and subsequently fermented to hydrocarbons by acetogenic bacteria. Several studies have been performed over the last few years to optimise both biomass gasification and syngas fermentation with significant progress being reported in both areas. While challenges associated with the scale-up and operation of this novel process remain, this strategy offers numerous advantages compared with established fermentation and purely thermochemical approaches to biofuel production in terms of feedstock flexibility and production cost. In recent times, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology techniques have been applied to gas fermenting organisms, paving the way for gases to be used as the feedstock for the commercial production of increasingly energy dense fuels and more valuable chemicals.

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Section: Biomass Syngas and Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

2012

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“…Unlike the equilibrium SPME techniques, applying the 132 TWA-SPME method avoids the need for extra sampling equipment (heated chambers, sampling 133 lines, and vacuum pumps) since it is used directly on process piping, and may potentially 134 eliminate the need to calibrate the fiber for compounds of interest [16]. Finally, SPME sampling 135 experience continues to grow, offering information on many different organic and inorganic 136 compounds at a wide range of molecular weights and sampling environments, which aids in 137 more rapid development for future applications [7,[17][18][19][20].…”

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction: Proof of concept

Woolcock

Kozieł

Cai

et al. 2013

Journal of Chromatography A

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Time-weighted average (TWA) passive sampling using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography was investigated as a new method of collecting, identifying and quantifying contaminants in process gas streams. Unlike previous TWA-SPME techniques using the retracted fiber configuration (fiber within needle) to monitor ambient conditions or relatively stagnant gases, this method was developed for fastmoving process gas streams at temperatures approaching 300 °C. The goal was to develop a consistent and reliable method of analyzing low concentrations of contaminants in hot gas streams without performing timeconsuming exhaustive extraction with a slipstream. This work in particular aims to quantify trace tar compounds found in a syngas stream generated from biomass gasification. This paper evaluates the concept of retracted SPME at high temperatures by testing the three essential requirements for TWA passive sampling: (1) zero-sink assumption, (2) consistent and reliable response by the sampling device to changing concentrations, and (3) equal concentrations in the bulk gas stream relative to the face of the fiber syringe opening. Results indicated the method can accurately predict gas stream concentrations at elevated temperatures. Evidence was also discovered to validate the existence of a second boundary layer within the fiber during the adsorption/ absorption process. This limits the technique to operating within reasonable mass loadings and loading rates, established by appropriate sampling depths and times for concentrations of interest. A limit of quantification for the benzene model tar system was estimated at 0.02 g m −3 (8 ppm) with a limit of detection of 0.5 mg m −3 (200 ppb). Using the appropriate conditions, the technique was applied to a pilot-scale fluidized-bed gasifier to verify its feasibility. Results from this test were in good agreement with literature and prior pilot plant operation, indicating the new method can measure low concentrations of tar in gasification streams. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Page 1 of 33A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 1 Highlights 1 ("Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase 2 microextraction: proof of concept" manuscript by Woolcock et al.) 3  TWA-SPME method (retracted fiber) was developed for high temperature process gases. Ames, IA 50011, USA; koziel@iastate.edu, 19 ABSTRACT.Time-weighted average (TWA) passive sampling using solid-phase 20 microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography was investigated as a new method of 21 collecting, identifying and quantifyi...

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“…France [78], Czech Republic [71,[79][80][81][82][83][84] and Russia [85][86][87]. The product can be injected in solid form [71] or liquid [78], from a pyrolysis cycle or crushed.…”

Section: Plasma Torch Configurations In the Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste Gasification by Thermal Plasma: A Review

Fabry

Rehmet

Rohani

et al. 2013

Waste Biomass Valor

235

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waste gasification processes based on thermal plasma (DC or AC plasma torches) at lab scale versus typical performances of waste autothermal gasification: LHV of the syngas, cold gas efficiency and net electrical efficiency. In the last part, a review has been done on the various torch technologies used for waste gasification by plasma at industrial scale, the major companies on this market and the perspectives of the industrial development of the waste gasification by thermal plasma. The main conclusions are that plasma technology is considered as a highly attractive route for the processing of waste-to-energy and can be easily adapted to the treatment of various wastes (municipal solid wastes, heavy oil, used car tires, medical wastes …). The high enthalpy, the residence time and high temperature in plasma can advantageously improve the conditions for gasification, which are inaccessible in other thermal processes and can allow reaching, due to low tar content in the syngas, better net electrical efficiency than autothermal processes.

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Plasma gasification of wood and production of gas with low content of tar

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

Commercial Biomass Syngas Fermentation

Analysis of trace contaminants in hot gas streams using time-weighted average solid-phase microextraction: Proof of concept

Waste Gasification by Thermal Plasma: A Review

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