Plasma Glucose Clearance and Insulin Response in Cows with Abomasal Displacement*

Meirhaeghe, H. van; Deprez, Piet; Hende, C. Van Den; Muylle, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1988.tb00026.x

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…HOLTENIUS and TRAvEN (1990) introduced the term diabetogenic ketosis as a new subgroup of bovine ketosis. Insulin resistance was detected in hyperketonaemic animals with fatty livers after abomasal displacement (VAN MEIRHAEGHE et al, 1988;HOLTENIUS and TRA.vEN, 1990). After an intravenous glucose tolerance test or glucagon tolerance test, abnormally high insulin levels were measured because target organs of insulin did not utilize glucose us, Copyright Clearance Center CodeStaremenn 0931-184x197/ 4410-0521 $14.00/0 effectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glucose and Insulin Responses to Glucagon Injection in Dairy Cows with Ketotis and Fatty Live

Steen

Grønstøl

Torjesen

1997

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary The purpose of this investigation was to study the metabolic situation in clinical cases of bovine ketosis and to diagnose additional diseases. Extensive clinical examination, clinical biochemistry, haematology and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy Of liver was performed on 17 ketotic and eight control dairy cows in the field, and on seven hospitalized hyperketonaemic fatty liver patients. Additional findings in the ketotic group were heat (n = 7), indigestion (n = 5), endometritis (n = 2), cystic ovaries (n = 1), and mastitis (n = 1), and in the fatty liver group displaced abomasum (n = 4), abomasal ulcers (n = 3), mastitis (n = 2), laminitis (n = 1), bronchopneumonia (n = 1), and hypomagnesaemia (n = 2). There were no additional findings in the control group. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) were elevated in the ketosis and fatty liver groups. Total bilirubin, gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) were elevated in the fatty liver group and in some animals in the ketosis group. Total bile acid was not different between the groups. The free fatty acid/cholesterol ratio was higher in the fatty liver group compared with the control and ketosis groups. There was no or only slight fatty degeneration of the liver cells in the control and ketosis groups. Glucose and insulin preinjection concentrations and changes from basal values after glucagon injection were significantly lower in the ketosis group if compared with the control group. The responses in the fatty liver animals after glucagon injection were more heterogeneous than in the control and ketosis animals, a sign of disturbance in the metabolic adaptation, which together with high free fatty acid (FFA) levels can lead to fatty liver in cows with concurrent diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glucose and Insulin Responses to Glucagon Injection in Dairy Cows with Ketotis and Fatty Live

Steen

Grønstøl

Torjesen

1997

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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“…Insulin resistance was detected also in hyperketomic cows with fatty liver and abomasal displacement [4,15]. However, the mechanisms by which endogenous TNF affects the development of fatty liver in dairy cows are not known.…”

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confidence: 96%

Relationship between Serum TNF Activity and Insulin Resistance in Dairy Cows Affected with Naturally Occurring Fatty Liver.

Ohtsuka

Koiwa

Hatsugaya³

et al. 2001

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

101

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ABSTRACT. To clarify the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and insulin resistance in dairy cows affected with fatty liver, naturally occurring cases were investigated. The affected cows were classified into following three groups according to histopathologic findings of the liver: mild fat droplet deposition (group 1; n=11), severe fat droplet deposition (group 2; n=10), and cloudy swelling (group 3; n=8). Serum TNF activities in Group 2 (8.67 ± 2.16 U/ml) and Group 3 (11.65 ± 1.92 U/ml) were significantly higher than that in Group 1 (3.57 ± 0.81 U/ml) (p<0.05). The insulin-tolerance tests showed that the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates (GDR) in Group 2 (27.6 ± 7.8%) and Group 3 (15.8 ± 9.1%) were significantly lower than that in Group 1 (41.7 ± 9.8%). There was a significant negative correlation between serum TNF activity and GDR in affected cows (r=-0.56, p<0.01). These results indicate that serum TNF activity is correlated with insulin resistance in cows with fatty liver. KEY WORDS: fatty liver, insulin resistance, TNF activity.

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“…The increase in the basal insulin concentration before calving in the cows fed high proportions of concentrate can be considered as a disturbance in the physiological adaptation of the energy metabolism to the catabolic stage after calving. The disturbance can be the first step in the development of impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, conditions when the insulin levels are high also after calving as reported by VAN MEIRHAEGHE et al (1988) and HOLTENIUS and T~v~N (1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Periparturient Concentrations of Insulin Glucagon and Ketone Bodies in Dairy Cows Fed Two Different Levels of Nutrition and Varying Concentrate/Roughage Ratios

Holtenius

Olsson

Björkman

1993

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Summary High producing multiparous dairy cows were fed either diets differing in energy content or diets with identical energy and protein content but differing in roughage content at the end of the dry period and beginning of lactation. Basal insulin and ketone bodies were analysed every week from 3 weeks before to 7 weeks after calving. Pancreatic glucagon was estimated 3 weeks before, 1–3 days after, and 3 weeks after calving. Before calving the feeding regimen had a very strong influence on the basal insulin level. High amounts of concentrate increased basal insulin levels until one week before calving and caused an interruption in the physiological decreasing course. After calving the insulin levels were low in all groups of cows. Before calving there were small variations in the glucagon levels, and no influence of feeding was observed. After calving there was a strong increase, especially in the cows fed the highest amounts of concentrate. Feeding high amounts of concentrate resulted in varying and in many cases increased levels of ketone bodies in plasma. Hyperketonemic cows had lower insulin and higher glucagon levels than normal cows. The influence of non‐structural carbohydrates in the feed on pancreatic hormones as a cause of ketogenesis is discussed.

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Plasma Glucose Clearance and Insulin Response in Cows with Abomasal Displacement*

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Glucose and Insulin Responses to Glucagon Injection in Dairy Cows with Ketotis and Fatty Live

Glucose and Insulin Responses to Glucagon Injection in Dairy Cows with Ketotis and Fatty Live

Relationship between Serum TNF Activity and Insulin Resistance in Dairy Cows Affected with Naturally Occurring Fatty Liver.

Periparturient Concentrations of Insulin Glucagon and Ketone Bodies in Dairy Cows Fed Two Different Levels of Nutrition and Varying Concentrate/Roughage Ratios

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