Plasma HIV-1 copy number and in vitro infectivity of plasma prior to and during combination antiretroviral treatment1

Vella, Stefano; Galluzzo, Clementina Maria; Giannini, Giacomo; Pirillo, Maria Franca; Andreotti, Mauro; Tomino, Carlo; Fragola, Vincenzo; Bucciardini, Raffaella; Ricciardulli, Daniela; Binelli, Andrea; Weimer, Liliana Elena; Floridia, Marco

doi:10.1016/s0166-3542(00)00107-8

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Our experience corroborated previous findings in the literature showing that isolation from plasma with low viral loads was difficult. 37,38 The addition of high volumes of plasma from low viral load cases to in vitro cultures, intended to increase the inoculum and hence isolation success rate, resulted in clot formation or toxicity to cells. The inclusion of the ultracentrifugation step allowed us to concentrate the virus, without introducing the toxic/anticoagulant components of the plasma into the cell cultures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pilot Studies for Development of an HIV Subtype Panel for Surveillance of Global Diversity

Manak

Sina²,

Anekella³

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The continued global spread and evolution of HIV diversity pose significant challenges to diagnostics and vaccine strategies. NIAID partnered with the FDA, WRAIR, academia, and industry to form a Viral Panel Working Group to design and prepare a panel of well-characterized current and diverse HIV isolates. Plasma samples that had screened positive for HIV infection and had evidence of recently acquired infection were donated by blood centers in North and South America, Europe, and Africa. A total of 80 plasma samples were tested by quantitative nucleic acid tests, p24 antigen, EIA, and Western blot to assign a Fiebig stage indicative of approximate time from initial infection. Evaluation of viral load using FDA-cleared assays showed excellent concordance when subtype B virus was tested, but lower correlations for subtype C. Plasma samples were cocultivated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal donors to generate 30 viral isolates (50-80% success rate for samples with viral load > 10,000 copies/ml), which were then expanded to 10 7

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Studies for Development of an HIV Subtype Panel for Surveillance of Global Diversity

Manak

Sina²,

Anekella³

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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“…However, recent publications (Garcia et al, 1999;Quinn et al, 2000;Vella et al, 2000) provide new evidence in favour of the logarithmic dependence of transmissibility and viral load. As can be seen in Figs 3-6, the probability of transmission is, as in the cases described by Garcia et al (1999), Quinn et al (2000) and by Vella et al (2000), clearly dependent on the log of viral load. Figures 3 and 4 represent the case of mother-to-child HIV transmission (Garcia et al, 1999).…”

Section: Analysis Of Different Epidemic Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Figs 5 and 6 we present the case in which HIV transmission is studied in vitro (Vella et al, 2000). In this work, the authors assessed HIV infectivity by coculture of plasma from HIV-positive patients with PHA-stimulated fresh PBM cells from uninfected donors.…”

Section: Analysis Of Different Epidemic Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 5. Probability of transmission plotted against the viral load expressed as number of HIV-RNA copies per ml in the case in which HIV transmission is studied in vitro (Vella et al, 2000). Diamonds represent raw data and continuous curve the fitted function.…”

Section: Analysis Of Different Epidemic Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first, we assume, as in the paper of Koopman et al (1997), the infectiousness f (A 1 ) = 200, f (A 2 ) = 1 and f (A 3 ) = 76. In the second case we assume, as recently indicated in the literature (Garcia et al, 1999;Vella et al, 2000), the infectiousness to be proportional to the logarithm of the viral load (blood concentration of HIV-RNA). We exemplify this case taking f (A 1 ) = 6, f (A 2 ) = 3.7 and f (A 3 ) = 5.6 [these values correspond to the same relative proportions applied by Koopman et al (1997)].…”

Section: Analysis Of Different Epidemic Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the Natural History of HIV Infection in Individuals and its Epidemiological Implications

Coutinho

López

Burattini

et al. 2001

Bulletin of Mathematical Biology

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The variation of viraemia in the natural course of HIV infection is expected to have major influence on the probability of transmission and, consequently, on the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. In this paper we propose a model which takes into account the time evolution of HIV viraemia (measured as HIV-RNA copies per ml of blood) in an infected individual and its impact on the threshold for the establishment of an endemic level, and mainly on the relative contribution of each of the clinical phases of the infection to the total transmission of HIV per infected individual. We consider that an infected individual passes through three phases of viraemia. The first phase, which lasts for 6-7 weeks, is characterized by very high viraemia. In the second phase, which lasts about 10 years, the viraemia is much lower, increasing again in the last phase, which lasts up to two years, and ends in full-blown AIDS. We show that the relative contribution of each phase to the total transmission of HIV is very sensitive to the model we assume for the dependence of the transmissibility of HIV on the viral load. For instance, if we assume that transmissibility is proportional to the decimal logarithm of viraemia, then the second phase predominates always. Due to the epidemiological importance of this fact, it is clear that further improvement on virological research to better understand the dependence of HIV transmissibility on the viral concentration in biological fluids is necessary.

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Projecting the impact of HAART on the evolution of HIV’s life history

Wallace

2004

Ecological Modelling

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Plasma HIV-1 copy number and in vitro infectivity of plasma prior to and during combination antiretroviral treatment1

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Pilot Studies for Development of an HIV Subtype Panel for Surveillance of Global Diversity

Pilot Studies for Development of an HIV Subtype Panel for Surveillance of Global Diversity

Modelling the Natural History of HIV Infection in Individuals and its Epidemiological Implications

Projecting the impact of HAART on the evolution of HIV’s life history

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