Plasma level of transforming growth factor β 1 in children with autism spectrum disorder

Gohary, Tarek Mohamed El; Aziz, Nahal Abd El; Darweesh, Mohamed E.; Sadaa, Ebtihal Shukery

doi:10.1016/j.ejenta.2014.12.002

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Associations between changes in peripheral cytokine expression and the severity of behavioral impairments and associated symptoms have been identified in children with ASD (Table 2 ). Reduced levels of the regulatory cytokine TGF-β1 are associated with reduced adaptive behavior and worsening behavioral symptoms [ 67 , 68 ]. While TGF-β1 is involved in cell growth and differentiation, organ development, migration, and apoptosis, its major role is to control inflammation.…”

Section: Immune System Deregulation In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System, Cytokines, and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2017

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by variable impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Heterogeneity of presentation is a hallmark. Investigations of immune system problems in ASD, including aberrations in cytokine profiles and signaling, have been increasing in recent times and are the subject of ongoing interest. With the aim of establishing whether cytokines have utility as potential biomarkers that may define a subgroup of ASD, or function as an objective measure of response to treatment, this review summarizes the role of the immune system, discusses the relationship between the immune system, the brain, and behavior, and presents previously-identified immune system abnormalities in ASD, specifically addressing the role of cytokines in these aberrations. The roles and identification of biomarkers are also addressed, particularly with respect to cytokine profiles in ASD.

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Section: Immune System Deregulation In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune System, Cytokines, and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2017

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“…Upregulated glial activation has been shown to be directly related to alterations in peripheral and central cytokine expression in ASD (for review see Masi et al, 2017;Masi et al, 2015). This aberrant cytokine profile in ASD is evidenced by both increased pro-inflammatory responses (Ashwood et al, 2011b;Chez, Dowling, Patel, Khanna, & Kominsky, 2007) and decreased anti-inflammatory responses (Ashwood et al, 2008;El Gohary, El Aziz, Darweesh, & Sadaa, 2015;Okada et al, 2007), contributing to a largely pro-inflammatory profile in ASD. Altered cytokine concentrations have been associated with more severe behavioral features of the disorder, including: increased stereotypies, greater impairments in communication and daily living skills, increased hyperactivity, and increased overall ASD symptom severity (Ashwood et al, 2012;Ashwood et al, 2011b;El Gohary et al, 2015;Piras et al, 2014), as well as greater nonverbal and verbal developmental disruption (Careaga et al, 2017).…”

Section: Aberrant Cytokine Concentrations In Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A potential mechanistic role for neuroinflammation in reward processing impairments in autism spectrum disorder

Greene

Walsh

Mosner

et al. 2019

Biological Psychology

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Accumulating evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be conceptualized within a framework of reward processing impairments. The "Social Motivation Theory of Autism" posits that reduced motivation to interact with people and decreased pleasure derived from social interactions may derail typical social development and contribute to the emergence of core social communication deficits in ASD. Neuroinflammation may disrupt the development of mesolimbic dopaminergic systems that are critical for optimal functioning of social reward processing systems. This neuroinflammation-induced disturbance of mesolimbic dopaminergic functioning has been substantiated using maternal immune activation rodent models whose offspring show aberrant dopaminergic corticostriatal function as well as behavioral characteristics of ASD model systems. Preclinical findings are in turn supported by clinical evidence of increased mesolimbic neuroinflammatory responses in individuals with ASD. This review summarizes evidence for reward processing deficits and neuroinflammatory impairments in ASD and examines how immune inflammatory dysregulation may impair the development of dopaminergic mesolimbic circuitry in ASD. Finally, future research directions examining neuroinflammatory effects on reward processing in ASD are proposed.

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“…Therefore, a high "Th17" or "Treg ratio" has been attributed to severe ASD (Basheer et al, 2018;Moaaz et al, 2019). Reduced levels of the regulatory cytokine TGF-b1 are associated with reduced adaptive behavior and worsening behavioral symptoms (Ashwood et al, 2008;El Gohary et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B and T Immunoregulation: A New Insight of B Regulatory Lymphocytes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a complex pathogenesis, by impairment social communication and interaction, and may also manifest repetitive patterns of behavior. Many studies have recognized an alteration of the immune response as a major etiological component in ASDs. Despite this, it is still unclear the variation of the function of the immune response.Aim: Our aim is to investigate the levels of immunological markers in peripheral blood of children with ASD such as: regulatory B and T cells, memory B and natural killer (NK) cells.Materials and Methods: We assessed various subsets of immune cells in peripheral blood (regulatory B and T cells, B-cell memory and natural killer cells) by multi-parametric flow cytometric analysis in 26 ASD children compared to 16 healthy controls (HCs) who matched age and gender.Results: No significant difference was observed between B-cell memory and NK cells in ASDs and HCs. Instead, regulatory B cells and T cells were decreased (p < 0.05) in ASD subjects when compared to HCs.Discussion: Regulatory B and T cells have a strategic role in maintaining the immune homeostasis. Their functions have been associated with the development of multiple pathologies especially in autoimmune diseases. According to our study, the immunological imbalance of regulatory B and T cells may play a pivotal role in the evolution of the disease, as immune deficiencies could be related to the severity of the ongoing disorder.

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Plasma level of transforming growth factor β 1 in children with autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

The Immune System, Cytokines, and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Immune System, Cytokines, and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder

A potential mechanistic role for neuroinflammation in reward processing impairments in autism spectrum disorder

B and T Immunoregulation: A New Insight of B Regulatory Lymphocytes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

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