Plasma Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Levels Correlated with the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

The circulating levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) can be a simple, but practical and useful marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As limited studies are available in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), further studies are needed to establish the clinical application of Lp-PLA2 in DM practice. The present study investigated the correlation between Lp-PLA2 and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), a recent marker of arterial stiffness, in DM patients according to their diabetes duration. Clinical data, including the plasma Lp-PLA2 mass and CAVI values, were collected from CVD-free type 2 DM female patients (n = 65, mean age 62 years, mean hemoglobin A1c 7.0%). The Lp-PLA2 level of patients with a diabetes duration of <10 years (n = 40:20.2 IU/mL) was not significantly different from that of patients with a diabetes duration of ≥10 years (n = 25:20.5 IU/mL), while the CAVI level was significantly higher in patients with ≥10 years (9.0) than in those with <10 years (8.1; p < 0.05). A stepwise multiple regression analysis found a positive correlation between the Lp-PLA2 and CAVI levels (β = 0.43, p < 0.01) in patients with a diabetes duration of ≥10 years. This correlation between Lp-PLA2 and CVAI suggests the possible use of Lp-PLA2 in DM patients with long-term disease. Further studies on Lp-PLA2 are warranted in DM practice in relation to the disease duration.

Endothelial Microparticles Act as Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers of Diabetes and Its Complications: A Literature Review

“…All of these factors contribute to endothelial dysfunction and related complications [ 9 ]. Endothelial cell injury is the main factor leading to vascular complications in DM [ 11 ]. Consequently, comprehensive analysis and improvement in endothelial cell function may inhibit the progression of DM and related complications.…”

Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2: The story continues

“…Together with five other variables, Lp‐PLA2 showed significantly improved power for predicting 10‐year cardiovascular survival in patients with DM compared with the widely used algorithm (UK Prospective Diabetes Study [UKPDS]) . Furthermore, positive correlations between Lp‐PLA2 and several atherogenic factors in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes as well as the cardio‐ankle vascular index, a recently developed marker of arterial stiffness, in long‐term T2DM patients were demonstrated recently . Lin et al proposed that Lp‐PLA2 might affect the incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients and the decline in Lp‐PLA2 levels through intensive insulin therapy might contribute to protection from diabetic atherosclerotic complications .…”

“…and several atherogenic factors in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes as well as the cardio-ankle vascular index, a recently developed marker of arterial stiffness, in long-term T2DM patients were demonstrated recently. 213 Lin et al 214 proposed that Lp-PLA2 might affect the incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients and the decline in Lp-PLA2 levels through intensive insulin therapy might contribute to protection from diabetic atherosclerotic complications. 214 Additional studies are essential to clarify the role of Lp-PLA2 in modifying the atherosclerotic process of T2DM patients.…”

The Beneficial Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Lp-PLA2 Mass and Its Distribution between HDL and apoB-Containing Lipoproteins in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…* according to paired t-test; * * time to group interaction according to two-way repeated measure ANOVA. 8 Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity glucose after supplementation with 600 mg ALA for six months [73]. In contrast, in one clinical study, after eight weeks of supplementation with 300 mg ALA in type 2 diabetic patients, an improvement in serum levels of glucose and HOMA-IR was reported [74].…”

“…This enzyme breakdowns phospholipids in oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) into two proinflammatory and proatherogenic products, lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized free fatty acids, these inflammatory factors promote atherosclerosis [7][8][9]. Therefore, it has been proposed that Lp-PLA2 mediates ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses in the atherosclerotic plaque and is a predictor of coronary events independent of traditional risk factors [4,8,10]. However, recently, Lp-PLA2 inhibitor darapladib in two phase III clinical trials in patients with acute coronary syndrome or CHD did not have a protective role in the prevention of further major vascular disease.…”