Plasma Lipoproteins in Liver Disease: I. Immunologically Distinct Low-Density Lipoproteins in Patients with Biliary Obstruction*

Switzer, Sam

doi:10.1172/jci105676

Cited by 121 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The amino acid composition and the immunochemical characteristics of this lipoprotein X differs slightly from those of apolipoproteins A and B. 8 One important characteristic feature of lipoprotein X is its mobility toward the cathode on agar-gel electrophoresis 13,14 that has been also noted on our patient's lipoprotein electrophoresis. Additionally, in our case Apo B has been only slightly raised above the reference ranges indicating that LDL containing Apo B has not contributed to the high concentration of total cholesterol.…”

Section: Lipoprotein Xmentioning

confidence: 67%

Lipoprotein X in a patient with cholestasis and hypertriglyceridaemia

et al. 2013

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Hypertriglyceridaemia is an established cause of acute pancreatitis and responds to insulin therapy in addition to lipid lowering medication. We report a case of severe hypertriglycaeridemia of 149 mmol/L in a 36-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who presented to the surgical ward with abdominal pain due to pancreatitis and developed acute cholestasis, jaundice and eruptive xanthomata. His triglycerides improved to 3.8 mmol/L with sliding scale insulin within two weeks of in-hospital stay. However, his total cholesterol remained raised at 23.7 mmol/L. The lipoprotein electrophoresis confirmed the presence of lipoprotein X associated with bile obstruction, which contributed to an increase in total cholesterol. The total cholesterol normalized on improvement of his cholestasis. 2013; 50: 173-175. DOI: 10.1258 50: 173-175. DOI: 10. /acb.2012 Case A 36-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to the surgical ward in this hospital with the third episode of acute on chronic pancreatitis in the previous six years. Two earlier such events were followed by recurrent complex pancreatic surgery. He also had a cholecystectomy performed for gallstones. The patient had an eight-year history of type 2 diabetes, poorly controlled by treatment with metformin and insulin (glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 12.5%, 113 mmol/mol) and a history of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Prior to the admission in order to control his lipid profile he had been on atorvastatin tablets for months but had run out of his medications and was off them for approximately eight weeks. He has never smoked and ceased drinking alcohol after the first episode of pancreatitis in 2005. His past history included self-administration of steroid and testosterone injections in the year 2000 for building muscle strength before participating in heavy-lifting competitions. Ann Clin Biochem

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Section: Lipoprotein Xmentioning

confidence: 67%

Lipoprotein X in a patient with cholestasis and hypertriglyceridaemia

et al. 2013

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“…15, 16 (17,18). Although it is known that patients with liver disease may have abnormalities of their serum lipoproteins (19,20), the role of abnormal lipoproteins in the genesis of the red cell lipid abnormalities is unclear. Second, the serum enzyme lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) ' appears to serve an important role in the metabolism of serum-free cholesterol and lecithin (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Lipoproteins, Bile Acids, and Red Cell Membranes Associated with Target Cells and Spur Cells in Patients with Liver Disease

Cooper¹,

Diloy-Puray²,

Lando³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

190

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A B S T R A C T MNlost p)atiellts witlh stable cirrhosis of the alcoholic have "target" red cells; however, a minoritv have "spur" cells and severe hemolytic anemia. These two syndromes were studied in 27 patients with target cells and 17 patients with spur cells, all of whom had advanced cirrhosis. The cholesterol and phospholipi(d content of red cell membranes effectively distinguished target cells from spur cells. Target cells alone were rich in lecithin, and both the cholesterol/phospholipid and cholesterol/lecithin mole ratios were greater in spur cells. The cholesterol/phospholipid mole ratio of both types of red cells correlated closely with the free cholesterol saturation of serum lipoproteins, as defined by the anmount of free clholesterol relative to phospholipid and protein in these lipoproteins. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was decreased in most patients with target cells and spur cells; however, the relationship between this activity and the lipid abnormiialities observed was weak. Serum bile acid levels also correlated poorly witlh serum and cell lipids. However, in patients with target cells the amount of cholic and (leoxycholic acids in serumi was approximately equal to the amount of chenodeoxycholic acid, whereas in patients with spur cells chenodeoxycholic acid (the precursor of lithocholic acid) pre(lominatedl.

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“…Obstruction of the bile ducts in man is almost invariably accompanied by the appearance of an abnormal plasma lipoprotein in the LDL* class called lipoprotein X [ 1,2]. This lipoprotein has a unique lipid composition characterized by a high content of phospholipids and a cholesterol ester/cholesterol ratio considerably below 1.0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lipoprotein has a unique lipid composition characterized by a high content of phospholipids and a cholesterol ester/cholesterol ratio considerably below 1.0. Furthermore, the protein content is low and the protein part consists mainly of C-proteins and albumin, whereas no B-protein is found [ 1,3]. The occurrence of an analogous component with a lipid composition similar to that of human LP-X has recently been observed in dog's plasma after experimentally induced biliary obstruction [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal low density plasma lipoproteins occurring in dogs with obstructive jaundice

1976

FEBS Letters

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Plasma Lipoproteins in Liver Disease: I. Immunologically Distinct Low-Density Lipoproteins in Patients with Biliary Obstruction*

Cited by 121 publications

References 32 publications

Lipoprotein X in a patient with cholestasis and hypertriglyceridaemia

Lipoprotein X in a patient with cholestasis and hypertriglyceridaemia

An Analysis of Lipoproteins, Bile Acids, and Red Cell Membranes Associated with Target Cells and Spur Cells in Patients with Liver Disease

Abnormal low density plasma lipoproteins occurring in dogs with obstructive jaundice

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