Plasma lutein concentrations are related to dietary intake, but unrelated to dietary saturated fat or cognition in young children

Mulder, Kelly A; Innis, Sheila M.; Rasmussen, Betina; Wu, Brian T.; Richardson, Kelly J.; Hasman, David

doi:10.1017/jns.2014.10

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…While this finding stands in contrast to a previous report regarding lutein and cognition in children (i.e. Mulder et al, 2014), that study based the analysis on plasma lutein and self-reported dietary intake of lutein while our study used MPOD, a retinal measure which may be more sensitive to cognitive measures than serum lutein. Kelly et al(2015) found that in adults, both macular pigment and serum lutein were associated with cognitive outcomes, but only the associations with macular pigment remained after controlling for relevant characteristics like sex, age, diet, and education level.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

From neuro-pigments to neural efficiency: The relationship between retinal carotenoids and behavioral and neuroelectric indices of cognitive control in childhood

Walk

Khan

Barnett

et al. 2017

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Lutein and zeaxanthin are plant pigments known to preferentially accumulate in neural tissue. Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD), a non-invasive measure of retinal carotenoids and surrogate measure of brain carotenoid concentration, has been associated with disease prevention and cognitive health. Superior MPOD status in later adulthood has been shown to provide neuroprotective effects on cognition. Given that childhood signifies a critical period for carotenoid accumulation in brain, it is likely that the beneficial impact would be evident during development, though this relationship has not been directly investigated. The present study investigated the relationship between MPOD and the behavioral and neuroelectric indices elicited during a cognitive control task in preadolescent children. 49 participants completed a modified flanker task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to assess the P3 component of the ERP waveform. MPOD was associated with both behavioral performance and P3 amplitude such that children with higher MPOD had more accurate performance and lower P3 amplitudes. These relationships were more pronounced for trials requiring greater amounts of cognitive control. These results indicate that children with higher MPOD may respond to cognitive tasks more efficiently, maintaining high performance while displaying neural indices indicative of lower cognitive load. These findings provide novel support for the neuroprotective influence of retinal carotenoids during preadolescence.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

From neuro-pigments to neural efficiency: The relationship between retinal carotenoids and behavioral and neuroelectric indices of cognitive control in childhood

Walk

Khan

Barnett

et al. 2017

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…This, in conjunction with the paucity of relationships, in our study, between serum concentrations of L and Z and the remaining cognitive tests, given the many relationships observed between MP and the same cognitive tests, suggests that retinal tissue concentrations of these antioxidants represent a more valid and valuable biomarker of brain concentrations of these carotenoids than their respective serum levels. Indeed, this superior suitability of retinal tissue concentrations was suggested in a recent letter by Hammond [ 80 ], in which the author highlights, in relation to a previous study [ 81 ], how plasma lutein levels were unrelated to cognitive enhancement in children. However, it is worth noting that coarse cognitive assessments were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cognitive Function and Its Relationship with Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of its Constituent Carotenoids

Kelly

Coen

Akuffo

et al. 2015

JAD

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Background: Macular pigment (MP) levels correlate with brain concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), and have also been shown to correlate with cognitive performance in the young and elderly.Objective: To investigate the relationship between MP, serum concentrations of L and Z, and cognitive function in subjects free of retinal disease with low MP (Group 1, n = 105) and in subjects with AMD (Group 2, n = 121).Methods: MP was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and dual-wavelength autofluorescence; cognitive function was assessed using a battery of validated cognition tests; serum L and Z concentrations were determined by HPLC.Results: Significant correlations were evident between MP and various measures of cognitive function in both groups (r = –0.273 to 0.261, p≤0.05, for all). Both serum L and Z concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.187, p≤0.05 and r = 0.197, p≤0.05, respectively) with semantic (animal) fluency cognitive scores in Group 2 (the AMD study group), while serum L concentrations also correlated significantly with Verbal Recognition Memory learning slope scores in the AMD study group (r = 0.200, p = 0.031). Most of the correlations with MP, but not serum L or Z, remained significant after controlling for age, gender, diet, and education level.Conclusion: MP offers potential as a non-invasive clinical biomarker of cognitive health, and appears more successful in this role than serum concentrations of L or Z.

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“…However, systematic review by Melo van Lent et al [ 176 ] did not find any association between lutein intake or status and respiratory health in children. A cross-sectional study of healthy, well-nourished, children aged 5.75 years ( n = 160) living in Vancouver, Canada investigating lutein intake and status did not confirm lutein role in cognition assessed by the Kaufman Assessment Battery (KABCC-II) and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) [ 177 ]. Lack of lutein effect on cognitive performance may be caused by selection of well-nourished population, whereas largest functional effects of lutein may be the most significant for those with relative deficiency; selection poor biomarker (plasma concentration) for lutein in brain (MOPD would be better), as well probably not the most sensitive cognitive tests for measuring the effects of diet on brain development [ 178 ].…”

Section: Carotenoids and Infant Health And Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Carotenoids during Pregnancy and Lactation

Zielińska

Wesołowska

Pawlus³

et al. 2017

Nutrients

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Adequate nutrition is particularly important during pregnancy since it is needed not only for maintaining the health of the mother, but also determines the course of pregnancy and its outcome, fetus development as well as the child’s health after birth and during the later period of life. Data coming from epidemiological and interventions studies support the observation that carotenoids intake provide positive health effects in adults and the elderly population. These health effects are the result of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have also demonstrated the significant role of carotenoids during pregnancy and infancy. Some studies indicate a correlation between carotenoid status and lower risk of pregnancy pathologies induced by intensified oxidative stress, but results of these investigations are equivocal. Carotenoids have been well studied in relation to their beneficial role in the prevention of preeclampsia. It is currently hypothesized that carotenoids can play an important role in the prevention of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Carotenoid status in the newborn depends on the nutritional status of the mother, but little is known about the transfer of carotenoids from the mother to the fetus. Carotenoids are among the few nutrients found in breast milk, in which the levels are determined by the mother’s diet. Nutritional status of the newborn directly depends on its diet. Both mix feeding and artificial feeding may cause depletion of carotenoids since infant formulas contain only trace amounts of these compounds. Carotenoids, particularly lutein and zeaxanthin play a significant role in the development of vision and nervous system (among others, they are important for the development of retina as well as energy metabolism and brain electrical activity). Furthermore, more scientific evidence is emerging on the role of carotenoids in the prevention of disorders affecting preterm infants, who are susceptible to oxidative stress, particularly retinopathy of prematurity.

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Plasma lutein concentrations are related to dietary intake, but unrelated to dietary saturated fat or cognition in young children

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

From neuro-pigments to neural efficiency: The relationship between retinal carotenoids and behavioral and neuroelectric indices of cognitive control in childhood

From neuro-pigments to neural efficiency: The relationship between retinal carotenoids and behavioral and neuroelectric indices of cognitive control in childhood

Cognitive Function and Its Relationship with Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of its Constituent Carotenoids

Health Effects of Carotenoids during Pregnancy and Lactation

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