Plasma phospholipid very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident diabetes in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Lemaître, Rozenn N.; Fretts, Amanda M.; Sitlani, Colleen M.; Biggs, Mary L.; Mukamal, Kenneth J.; King, Irena B.; Song, Xiaoling; Djoussé, Luc; Siscovick, David S.; McKnight, Barbara; Sotoodehnia, Nona; Kizer, Jorge R.; Mozaffarian, Dariush

doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.101857

Cited by 107 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…We identified a cluster rich in VLCSFA and lower in ALA which was associated a healthier metabolic profile. This agrees with emerging evidence where VLCSFA were negatively associated with sudden cardiac arrest and incident diabetes . Circulating VLCSFA may arise following sphingolipid metabolism , from endogenous synthesis by elongases or potentially through dietary intake of foods such as peanuts, canola oil, and macadamia nuts .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Plasma fatty acid patterns reflect dietary habits and metabolic health: A cross‐sectional study

Brennan

McNulty

et al. 2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Plasma fatty acid patterns reflect dietary habits and metabolic health: A cross‐sectional study

Brennan

McNulty

et al. 2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring the association between circulating VLCSFA and risk of hematological malignancies. Emerging evidence suggests a beneficial association of VLCSFAs (but not shorter chain SFAs) with several health outcomes including atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, and sudden cardiac arrest . The present findings appear to extend this evidence to B‐NHLs other than CLL/SLL, suggesting an inverse association via mechanisms that are as yet unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

A prospective analysis of circulating saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

Chiu

Bertrand

Zhang

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Circulating saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), which are predominantly derived from endogenous metabolism, may influence non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk by modulating inflammation or lymphocyte membrane stability. However, few biomarker studies have evaluated NHL risk associated with these fats. We conducted a prospective study of 583 incident NHL cases and 583 individually matched controls with archived pre-diagnosis red blood cell (RBC) specimens in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). RBC membrane fatty acid levels were measured using gas chromatography. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of NHL and major NHL subtypes including T cell NHL (T-NHL), B cell NHL (B-NHL) and three individual B-NHLs: chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma. RBC SFA and MUFA levels were not associated with NHL risk overall. However, RBC very long chain SFA levels (VLCSFA; 20:0, 22:0, 23:0) were inversely associated with B-NHLs other than CLL/SLL; ORs (95% CIs) per standard deviation (SD) increase in level were 0.81 (0.70, 0.95) for 20:0, 0.82 (0.70, 0.95) for 22:0 and 0.82 (0.70, 0.96) for 23:0 VLCSFA. Also, both VLCSFA and MUFA levels were inversely associated with T-NHL [ORs (95% CIs) per SD: VLCSFA, 0.63 (0.40, 0.99); MUFA, 0.63 (0.40, 0.99)]. The findings of inverse associations for VLCSFAs with B-NHLs other than CLL/SLL and for VLCSFA and MUFA with T-NHL suggest an influence of fatty acid metabolism on lymphomagenesis.

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“…For instance, palmitic acid (16:0) exhibits in vitro adverse effects; whereas medium-chain (6:0-12:0), odd-chain (15:0, 17:0), and very long-chain (20:0-24:0) saturated fats may have metabolic benefits. 61, 338, 339 This biologic and metabolic diversity does not support the grouping together of all saturated fatty acids based on a single chemistry characteristic: the absence of double bonds. 340 …”

Section: Nutrients and Cardiometabolic Healthmentioning

confidence: 86%

Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity

2016

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Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of poor health. Nutrition and policy science have advanced rapidly, creating confusion yet also providing powerful opportunities to reduce the adverse health and economic impacts of poor diets. This review considers the history, new evidence, controversies, and corresponding lessons for modern dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Major identified themes include the importance of evaluating the full diversity of diet-related risk pathways, not just obesity and blood lipids; focusing on foods and overall diet patterns, rather than single isolated nutrients; recognizing the complex influences of different foods on long-term weight regulation, rather than simply counting calories; and characterizing and implementing evidence-based strategies, including policy approaches, for lifestyle change. Evidence-informed dietary priorities include increased fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, yogurt, and minimally processed whole grains; and fewer red meats, processed (e.g., sodium-preserved) meats, and foods rich in refined grains, starch, added sugars, salt, and trans fat. More investigation is needed on cardiometabolic effects of phenolics, dairy fat, probiotics, fermentation, coffee, tea, cocoa, eggs, specific vegetable and tropical oils, vitamin D, individual fatty acids, and diet-microbiome interactions. Little evidence to-date supports cardiometabolic relevance of other popular priorities: e.g., local, organic, grass-fed, farmed/wild, non-GMO. Evidence-based personalized nutrition appears to depend more on non-genetic characteristics (e.g., physical activity, abdominal adiposity, gender, socioeconomic status, culture) than genetic factors. Food choices must be strongly supported by clinical behavior change efforts, health systems reforms, novel technologies, and robust policy strategies, including those targeting economic incentives, schools and workplaces, neighborhood environments, and the food system. Scientific advances provide crucial new insights on optimal targets and best practices to reduce burdens of diet-related cardiometabolic diseases.

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Plasma phospholipid very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident diabetes in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Cited by 107 publications

References 49 publications

Plasma fatty acid patterns reflect dietary habits and metabolic health: A cross‐sectional study

Plasma fatty acid patterns reflect dietary habits and metabolic health: A cross‐sectional study

A prospective analysis of circulating saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma

Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity

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