Plasma testosterone in adult normoglycaemic men: impact of hyperinsulinaemia

Praveen, Edavan Pulikkanath; Khurana, Madan Lal; Kulshreshtha, Bindu; Dwivedi, Sada Nand; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Khadgawat, Rajesh; Gupta, Nidhi; Kumar, Guresh; Ammini, Ariachery C.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0272.2012.01278.x

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, we found, apart from an inverse correlation between (free) T and SAT cell size in univariate analyses, an inverse association of (free) T levels with TG and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR). Inverse associations between T levels and TG are consistent with the findings of previous studies [ 29 , 30 ]. Elevated circulating TG levels have been suggested to be an indicator of metabolic derangement, associated with both glucose intolerance and increased amounts of VAT [ 31 – 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determinants of testosterone levels in human male obesity

et al. 2015

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Testosterone (T) levels are decreased in obese men, but the underlying causes are incompletely understood. Our objective was to explore the relation between low (free) T levels and male obesity, by evaluating metabolic parameters, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) aromatase expression, and parameters of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. We recruited 57 morbidly obese men [33 had type 2 diabetes (DM2)] and 25 normal-weight men undergoing abdominal surgery. Fourteen obese men also attended a follow-up, 2 years after gastric bypass surgery (GBS). Circulating T levels were quantified by LC–MS/MS, whereas free T levels were measured using serum equilibrium dialysis and sex hormone-binding globulin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone by immunoassay. SAT biopsies were used to determine adipocyte cell size and aromatase expression by real-time PCR. Total and free T levels were decreased in obese males versus controls, with a further decrease in obese men with DM2 versus obese men without DM2. There were no differences in aromatase expression among the study groups, and sex steroids did not correlate with aromatase expression. Pearson analysis revealed an inverse association between (free) T and SAT cell size, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR. Multivariate analysis confirmed the inverse association between (free) T and SAT cell size (β = −0.321, P = 0.037 and β = −0.441, P = 0.011, respectively), independent of age, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, obesity, or diabetes. T levels were normalized 2 years after GBS. These data suggest that SAT cell size rather than SAT aromatase expression or parameters of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is related to low T in male obesity, which points to adipose cell size-related metabolic changes as a major trigger in decreased T levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Determinants of testosterone levels in human male obesity

et al. 2015

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“…Plasma cortisol was higher among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. There was positive association of testosterone with cortisol and insulin sensitivity in adult normoglycemic men [14]. A large population-based study reported that the presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with lower AUC of cortisol [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Morning plasma cortisol is low among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Shabir¹,

Ganie²,

Praveen³

et al. 2013

Gynecological Endocrinology

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause for androgen excess in women. It is associated with wide variety of metabolic disorders. The present study assessed morning plasma cortisol in women with PCOS. One hundred and ninety seven cases and 55 controls were enrolled for this study. The mean age of patients and controls were 23 ± 5.6 years and 25 ± 4.3 years. One hundred twelve (56%) women with PCOS had BMI >25. Serum cortisol levels were significantly higher in lean PCOS women compared to controls (13.4 ± 5.1 versus 11.3 ± 4.5, p < 0.01) and over-weight PCOS women group (13.4 ± 5.1 versus 9.3 ± 3.2, p < 0.01). There was a trend for less acne and hirsutism with increase in BMI. Morning plasma cortisol was lower among obese women with PCOS. Morning plasma cortisol correlated negatively with BMI in PCOS women with normal glucose tolerance.

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Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones

Lauretta

Sansone

et al. 2018

International Journal of Endocrinology

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Gender- and sex- related differences represent a new frontier towards patient-tailored medicine, taking into account that theoretically every medical specialty can be influenced by both of them. Sex hormones define the differences between males and females, and the different endocrine environment promoted by estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and their precursors might influence both human physiology and pathophysiology. With the term Gender we refer, instead, to behaviors, roles, expectations, and activities carried out by the individual in society. In other words, “gender” refers to a sociocultural sphere of the individual, whereas “sex” only defines the biological sex. In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to understand the influence that gender can have on both the human physiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Even the clinical response to therapy may be influenced by sex hormones and gender, but further research is needed to investigate and clarify how they can affect the human pathophysiology. The path to a tailored medicine in which every patient is able to receive early diagnosis, risk assessments, and optimal treatments cannot exclude the importance of gender. In this review, we have focused our attention on the involvement of sex hormones and gender on different endocrine diseases.

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Plasma testosterone in adult normoglycaemic men: impact of hyperinsulinaemia

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Determinants of testosterone levels in human male obesity

Determinants of testosterone levels in human male obesity

Morning plasma cortisol is low among obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones

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