Plasma volume in acute hypoxia: comparison of a carbon monoxide rebreathing method and dye dilution with Evans' blue

Poulsen, Thomas; Klausen, Thomas Levin; Richalet, Jean‐Paul; Kanstrup, Inge‐Lis; Fogh‐Andersen, Niels; Olsen, Niels Vidiendal

doi:10.1007/s004210050360

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The extent to which this occurs remains equivocal, since careful scrutiny of their data reveals that the results may have been unrealistically in¯uenced by one subject who exhibited a 30% decrease in plasma volume as measured by CO-rebreathing (Poulsen et al 1998). However, there is persuasive evidence to suggest that Evans blue dye measurement is not an appropriate technique with which to measure changes in red cell mass consequent to hypoxic exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Although there have been studies in which no increase in capillary permeability to albumin was found following altitude exposure (Siggard-Andersen et al 1968;Kleger et al 1996), Poulsen et al (1998) have recently substantiated that Evans blue dye measurement overestimates plasma volume as a consequence of acute altitude exposure when compared to the CO-rebreathing technique. The extent to which this occurs remains equivocal, since careful scrutiny of their data reveals that the results may have been unrealistically in¯uenced by one subject who exhibited a 30% decrease in plasma volume as measured by CO-rebreathing (Poulsen et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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“Live high, train low” does not change the total haemoglobin mass of male endurance athletes sleeping at a simulated altitude of 3000 m for 23 nights

Ashenden¹,

Gore²,

Dobson

et al. 1999

Eur J Appl Physiol

112

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The purpose of this study was to document the effect of 23 days of "live high, train low" on the haemoglobin mass of endurance athletes. Thirteen male subjects from either cycling, triathlon or cross-country skiing backgrounds participated in the study. Six subjects (HIGH) spent 8-10 h per night in a "nitrogen house" at a simulated altitude of 3000 m in normobaric hypoxia, whilst control subjects slept at near sea level (CONTROL, n = 7). Athletes logged their daily training sessions, which were conducted at 600 m. Total haemoglobin mass (as measured using the CO-rebreathing technique) did not change when measured before (D1 or D2) and after (D28) 23 nights of hypoxic exposure [HIGH 990 (127) vs 972 (97) g and CONTROL 1042 (133) vs 1033 (138) g, before and after simulated altitude exposure, respectively]. Nor was there any difference in the substantial array of reticulocyte parameters measured using automated flow cytometry prior to commencing the study (D1), after 6 (D10) and 15 (D19) nights of simulated altitude, or 1 day after leaving the nitrogen house (D28) when HIGH and CONTROL groups were compared. We conclude that red blood cell production is not stimulated in male endurance athletes who spend 23 nights at a simulated altitude of 3000 m.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“Live high, train low” does not change the total haemoglobin mass of male endurance athletes sleeping at a simulated altitude of 3000 m for 23 nights

Ashenden¹,

Gore²,

Dobson

et al. 1999

Eur J Appl Physiol

112

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“…This is a safe, repeatable method that correlates well with radio-labeled Albumin and Evan's Blue (Poulsen et al 1998;Thomsen et al 1991). This test occurred at 0800 both pre-and post-bed rest.…”

Section: Plasma Volumementioning

confidence: 81%

Artificial gravity training reduces bed rest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning

et al. 2011

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We studied 15 men (8 treatment, 7 control) before and after 21 days of 6º head-down tilt to determine whether daily, 1-h exposures to 1.0 G(z) (at the heart) artificial gravity (AG) would prevent bed rest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning. Testing included echocardiographic analysis of cardiac function, plasma volume (PV), aerobic power (VO(2)pk) and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to 80º head-up tilt (HUT). Data collected during HUT were ECG, stroke volume (SV), blood pressure (BP) and blood for catecholamines and vasoactive hormones. Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance, and spectral power of BP and HR were calculated. Bed rest decreased PV, supine and HUT SV, and indices of cardiac function in both groups. Although PV was decreased in control and AG after bed rest, AG attenuated the decrease in orthostatic tolerance [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: -11.8 ± 2.0, AG: -6.0 ± 2.8 min (p = 0.012)] and VO(2)pk [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: -0.39 ± 0.11, AG: -0.17 ± 0.06 L/min (p = 0.041)]. AG prevented increases in pre-tilt levels of plasma renin activity [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: 1.53 ± 0.23, AG: -0.07 ± 0.34 ng/mL/h (p = 0.001)] and angiotensin II [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: 3.00 ± 1.04, AG: -0.63 ± 0.81 pg/mL (p = 0.009)] and increased HUT aldosterone [post-bed rest; control: 107 ± 30 pg/mL, AG: 229 ± 68 pg/mL (p = 0.045)] and norepinephrine [post-bed rest; control: 453 ± 107, AG: 732 ± 131 pg/mL (p = 0.003)]. We conclude that AG can mitigate some aspects of bed rest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning, including orthostatic intolerance and aerobic power. Mechanisms of improvement were not cardiac-mediated, but likely through improved sympathetic responsiveness to orthostatic stress.

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“…Red blood cell volume, blood volume and plasma volume were determined by a carbon monoxide rebreathing method (Circulating Blood Volume System, CBVMedical, Denmark) (Christensen et al 1993;Poulsen et al 1998). Briefly, after a 20-min resting period in a sitting position, the subjects breathed into a closed circuit, including a 2-l rebreathing bag, and a carbon dioxide absorber.…”

Section: Intra-vascular Compartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living high–training low: effect on erythropoiesis and aerobic performance in highly-trained swimmers

Robach

Schmitt²,

Brugniaux

et al. 2005

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The "living high-training low" model (LHTL), i.e., training in normoxia but sleeping/living in hypoxia, is designed to improve the athletes performance. However, LHTL efficacy still remains controversial and also little is known about the duration of its potential benefit. This study tested whether LHTL enhances aerobic performance in athletes, and if any positive effect may last for up to 2 weeks after LHTL intervention. Eighteen swimmers trained for 13 days at 1,200 m while sleeping/living at 1,200 m in ambient air (control, n=9) or in hypoxic rooms (LHTL, n=9, 5 days at simulated altitude of 2,500 m followed by 8 days at simulated altitude of 3,000 m, 16 h day(-1)). Measures were done before 1-2 days (POST-1) and 2 weeks after intervention (POST-15). Aerobic performance was assessed from two swimming trials, exploring .VO(2max) and endurance performance (2,000-m time trial), respectively. Reticulocyte, serum EPO and soluble transferrin receptor responses were not altered by LHTL, whereas reticulocytes decreased in controls. In POST-1 (vs. before): red blood cell volume increased in LHTL only (+8.5%, P=0.03), .VO(2max) tended to increase more in LHTL (+8.1%, P=0.09) than in controls (+2.5%, P=0.21) without any difference between groups (P=0.42) and 2,000-m performance was unchanged with LHTL. In POST-15, both performance and hematological parameters were similar to initial levels. Our results indicate that LHTL may stimulate red cell production, without any concurrent amelioration of aerobic performance. The absence of any prolonged benefit after LHTL suggests that this LHTL model cannot be recommended for long-term purposes.

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Plasma volume in acute hypoxia: comparison of a carbon monoxide rebreathing method and dye dilution with Evans' blue

Cited by 29 publications

References 22 publications

“Live high, train low” does not change the total haemoglobin mass of male endurance athletes sleeping at a simulated altitude of 3000 m for 23 nights

“Live high, train low” does not change the total haemoglobin mass of male endurance athletes sleeping at a simulated altitude of 3000 m for 23 nights

Artificial gravity training reduces bed rest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning

Living high–training low: effect on erythropoiesis and aerobic performance in highly-trained swimmers

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