Plasmablastic lymphoma: current knowledge and future directions

Li, Ji-Wei; Peng, Hong-Ling; Zhou, Xiao-Yan; Wang, Jing-Jing

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354604

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

(170 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2024 update on the diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

Malpica,

Marques‐Piubelli,

Beltran

et al. 2024

American J Hematol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disease overviewEpstein Barr virus‐positive (EBV+) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma associated with EBV infection included in the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms since 2016. Although historically associated to poor prognosis, outcomes seem to have improved in the era of chemoimmunotherapy.DiagnosisThe diagnosis is established through meticulous pathological evaluation. Detection of EBV‐encoded RNA (EBER) is the standard diagnostic method. The ICC 2022 specifies EBV+ DLBCL, NOS as occurring when >80% of malignant cells express EBER, whereas the WHO‐HAEM5 emphasizes that the majority of tumor cells should be EBER positive without setting a defined threshold. The differential diagnosis includes plasmablastic lymphoma, DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation, primary effusion lymphoma, among others.Risk‐stratificationThe International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Oyama score can be used for risk‐stratification. The Oyama score includes age >70 years and presence of B symptoms. The expression of CD30 and PD‐1/PD‐L1 are emerging as potential adverse but targetable biomarkers.ManagementPatients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, should be staged and managed following similar guidelines than patients with EBV‐negative DLBCL. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, however, might have a worse prognosis than EBV‐negative DLBCL in the era of chemoimmunotherapy. Therefore, inclusion of patients in clinical trials when available is recommended. There is an opportunity to study and develop targeted therapy in the management of patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS.

show abstract

EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2024 update on the diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

Malpica,

Marques‐Piubelli,

Beltran

et al. 2024

American J Hematol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Pediatric Plasmablastic Lymphoma in the Setting of CD70 Deficiency

Baskin,

Vural,

Haskologlu

et al. 2024

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Combined immunodeficiency due to CD70 deficiency is characterized by increased susceptibility to infections, hypogammaglobulinemia, and malignancy. These patients typically present with chronic Epstein Barr virus (EBV) viremia, severe EBV-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, lymphoproliferation, and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an extremely rare malignancy in all ages and is predominantly seen in male adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection. EBV infection, immunosuppression, solid organ transplantation, and age-related immune deterioration are also suspected causes of PBL. Nevertheless, there is scarce data about its association with primary immunodeficiencies in the literature. Here, we present the first case of a CD70-deficient pediatric patient with PBL.

show abstract

Plasmablastic Lymphoma in the Submandibular Region Diagnosed by FNAC: A Case Report and Literature Review

de Aquino,

de Cáceres,

Bezerra

et al. 2024

Cytopathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThis study aims to provide a literature review of FNAC‐diagnosed plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) cases and present a case of PBL in an HIV patient diagnosed by FNAC.MethodsA literature review was conducted across eight databases to compile information on FNAC‐diagnosed PBL cases without restricting the site of involvement.ResultsThe literature review included 23 PBL, with 13 (56.5%) affecting head and neck region. The mean age of patients was 49 years, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.9:1, and 13 (56.5%) patients were HIV positive. Ten (43.5%) of 23 patients tested positive for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Twenty‐one FNAC procedures and two cytological smears were performed. Plasmacytoid/plasmablastic morphology was described in seven cases (30.4%). Large cells were observed in 17 cases (73.9%). Pleomorphism was noted in 10 cases (43.5%). A cytological diagnosis of malignancy was achieved in 91.3% of cases. In 20 cases assessed for concordance, complete agreement was found in 8 cases (34.8%), while discordance was noted in 12 cases (65.2%). We also report a case of PBL diagnosed via FNAC in a 55‐year‐old male patient who presented with a painful, hard, nonmobile mass in the left submandibular region, approximately 10 cm in size, with 1 month of evolution. FNAC was performed, and cytologic smears, along with cell block (CB) preparations, were made. After staining with Diff‐Quik, HE and Papanicolaou stain, numerous cells exhibiting plasmacytic morphology were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed negativity for LCA, CD3, CD20, Pax5, CD79a, ALK and HHV‐8, and positivity for CD138, MUM1 and Ki‐67 (100%). EBV positivity was also confirmed, leading to a diagnosis of PBL.ConclusionThis study highlights the efficacy of FNAC in diagnosing PBL. The immunophenotypic profile and morphological features observed through FNAC, combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridisation, were crucial for an accurate diagnosis. The literature review underscores the value of FNAC as a diagnostic tool for PBL, demonstrating a high rate of cytological diagnosis and significant cytohistological concordance.

show abstract

Plasmablastic lymphoma: current knowledge and future directions

Cited by 5 publications

References 72 publications

EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2024 update on the diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2024 update on the diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

Pediatric Plasmablastic Lymphoma in the Setting of CD70 Deficiency

Plasmablastic Lymphoma in the Submandibular Region Diagnosed by FNAC: A Case Report and Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About