Plasmodium falciparum infection not responding to chloroquine in Nigeria

Ekanem, O. J.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90268-8

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1990). Chloroquine resistance was reported in the area in the 1980s (Ekanem 1985; Salako & Aderounmu 1987) and pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine resistance in the 1990s (Sowunmi et al. 1993, 1998a; Falade et al.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the area, it is difficult, clinically, to distinguish recrudescence from re-infection 14 days after commencing antimalarial treatment, and usually antimalarial efficacy tests have been conducted for 14 rather than the customary 28 days (Ekanem et al 1987;Salako et al 1990). Chloroquine resistance was reported in the area in the 1980s (Ekanem 1985;Salako & Aderounmu 1987) and pyrimethaminesulphadoxine resistance in the 1990s (Sowunmi et al 1993(Sowunmi et al , 1998aFalade et al 1997). Presently, chloroquine resistance reaches approximately 35-40% (Sowunmi 2003) and, pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine resistance approximately 25% in the under 5-year olds (A.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open randomized study of pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine vs. pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine plus probenecid for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children

Sowunmi

Fehintola

Adedeji

et al. 2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summarybackground Increasing drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has necessitated renewed search for cheap, effective alternatives to commonly available antimalarials, chloroquine and pyrimethaminesulphadoxine, for the treatment of malaria in Africa. Probenecid, an inhibitor of organic anion transporters and multiresistance-associated proteins, can chemosensitize P. falciparum to pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine in vitro, but the clinical significance is unclear. We assessed the safety, treatment efficacy, and effects on gametocyte carriage of adding probenecid to pyrimethaminesulphadoxine.methods We evaluated 151 children aged 12 years or younger who had uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Patients were randomly assigned pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine (25 mg/kg of the sulphadoxine component) or pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine as above plus probenecid 20-25 mg/kg of bodyweight in two divided doses daily for 3 days. The primary endpoints were parasitological cure rates on days 14 and 28.results Both regimens were well tolerated; no child was withdrawn because of drug intolerance. Fever (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 days, P ¼ 0.02) and parasite clearance (2.3 ± 0.9 vs. 2.7 ± 1.1 days, P ¼ 0.04) were significantly shorter, and the parasitological cure rate on day 14 (96.2% vs. 83.5%, P ¼ 0.02) but not day 28 (79.4% vs. 72.6%, P ¼ 0.4), was significantly higher in children treated with pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine-probenecid than in those treated with pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine. Gametocyte carriage was similar with both treatment regimens.conclusions The combination of pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine, and probenecid, at a relatively moderate dose, improved treatment efficacy but had no effect on gametocyte carriage. The pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine-probenecid combination merits further evaluation as a potential treatment for use in Nigeria.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Open randomized study of pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine vs. pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine plus probenecid for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children

Sowunmi

Fehintola

Adedeji

et al. 2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…The alarming rate at which the malaria parasite, particularly Plasmodium falciparum, develops resistance to currently used antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and so on, makes it imperative to search for newer, more affordable and accessible antimalarial agents. The first documented case of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum was reported in Columbia in 1961 (Moore & Lanier, 1961;Onoria, 1984;Ekanem, 1988). Natural products have played dominant roles in the discovery of leads for the development of drugs to treat human diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoantiplasmodial activities of aqueous extract ofBridelia ferrugineastem bark againstPlasmodium berghei bergheiin mice

Mbah

Akuodor

Anyalewechi

et al. 2012

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…The eradication of the disease has been hampered by the emergence and spread of multidrugresistant malarial parasites, especially Plasmodium falciparum strains resistant to many antimalarial drugs (WHO, 1985;Peters, 1984). It has been established that these resistant strains of P. ,fakiparum are present in many parts of the world (Rees, 1984;Ekanem, 1985;Fox et al, 1985;Anon, 1385).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The schizontocidal activity of Spathodea campanulata leaf extract on Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice

Makinde

Adesogan

Amusan

1987

Phytotherapy Research

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Effects of extracts of Spathodea campanulata on Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice have been investigated. Schizontocidal activity of the plant in blood was determined on both the early and established infections. The repository action of the plant was also investigated. Chloroquine and pyrimethamine were used as reference drugs. The alcoholic extract of the leaves of the plant demonstrated antiplasmodial activity. The plant extract was more effective in treating the early infection than the established one. This report provides scientific data for the use of the aqueous alcoholic decoction of the leaves of Spathodea campanulata for the treatment of malaria.

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Plasmodium falciparum infection not responding to chloroquine in Nigeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Open randomized study of pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine vs. pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine plus probenecid for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children

Open randomized study of pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine vs. pyrimethamine–sulphadoxine plus probenecid for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children

In vivoantiplasmodial activities of aqueous extract ofBridelia ferrugineastem bark againstPlasmodium berghei bergheiin mice

The schizontocidal activity of Spathodea campanulata leaf extract on Plasmodium berghei berghei in mice

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