Plasmodium Vivax Associated Myocarditis

Sonambekar, Ajinkya; Gupta, Nikhil; Agarwal, Manisha; Rajpal, Surendra; Aggarwal, Aditya

doi:10.12890/2014_000039

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…60,66,67,70 Five reports found decreased LVEF. 53,56,58,68,71 However, in four reports, 56,58,68,71 this normalized at follow-up (range 5-120 days). Most patients were diagnosed with myocarditis (n = 9) 53,56-60,68,70,71 and acute coronary syndrome (n = 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gomes

Marinho

Silvestre

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Recent studies have suggested that malaria may affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in symptomatic malaria patients. We searched databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science (January 1950–April 2020) for studies reporting on cardiovascular complications in adults and children with malaria. Cardiovascular complications were defined as abnormalities in electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography on admission or during outpatient examination. Studies of patients with known heart disease or cardiovascular evaluation performed after the start of intravenous antimalarial medication were excluded. The study was registered in PROSPERO (No.: CRD42020167672). The literature search yielded 1,243 studies, and a total of 43 studies with symptomatic malaria patients were included. Clinical studies (n = 12 adults; n = 5 children) comprised 3,117 patients, of which a majority had Plasmodium falciparum (n = 15) and were diagnosed with severe malaria (n = 13). In random-effects models of adults, the pooled prevalence estimate for any cardiovascular complication was 7% (95% CI: 5–9). No meta-analysis was conducted in children, but the range of abnormal ECG was 0–8%, cardiac biomarkers 0–57%, and echocardiography 4–9%. We analyzed 33 cases (n = 10 postmortem), in which the most common cardiovascular pathologies were myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome. All histopathological studies found evidence of parasitized red blood cells in the myocardium. Cardiovascular complications are not uncommon in symptomatic adults and children with malaria. Additional studies investigating malaria and cardiovascular disease are encouraged.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gomes

Marinho

Silvestre

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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show abstract

“…P. vivax malaria, formerly known as benign tertian malaria, due to its previously considered mild course, has been reported as being even less commonly associated with cardiac complications 14. Thirteen case reports, however, were identified in the literature review for this article, a greater number than that for P. falciparum 14–26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Case of myocarditis secondary to severePlasmodium falciparuminfection

2022

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Malaria remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases globally. Despite targets set out by the WHO in 2015, there has been a rise in the number of cases since 2019 as an indirect effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.Cardiac complications are very rarely witnessed with severe malaria. Of the cardiac sequelae, myocarditis is one of the most frequently observed with a handful of case reports in the literature. We report a case of a man in his 50s who developed myocarditis while being managed for severePlasmodium falciparummalaria in an intensive care unit in the UK and review the literature relevant to this case. This is the second reported case of this condition in the UK.

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“…Case reports have shown that malaria can lead to LV dysfunction 35,36 and a recent meta-analysis found that cardiovascular complications are underreported in malaria. 37 We found a significant difference in LVEF between adults with malaria and controls; however, this parameter was within normal range for both groups and could possibly be due to variability in measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Dynamic Changes in Lung Ultrasound Findings among Adults with Uncomplicated Malaria and Controls in the Amazon Basin, Brazil

Wegener

Gomes

Lima

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Malaria patients are at risk of cardiopulmonary complications but diagnosis and management can be difficult in resource-limited settings. B-lines on lung ultrasound (LUS) mark changes in lung density; however, little is known about their role in malaria. We aimed to examine the prevalence of B-lines in adults with malaria at baseline and follow-up compared with controls in the Amazon Basin. We also examined the relationship between B-lines and left ventricular ejection fraction. We performed eight-zone LUS, echocardiography, and blood smears in 94 adults (mean age 40 years, 54% men) with uncomplicated malaria and 449 controls without heart failure, renal insufficiency or lung disease (mean age 41 years, 38% men). Examinations of adults with malaria were repeated after antimalarial treatment, corresponding to a median of 30 days (interquartile range [IQR] 27–39). Adults with malaria suffered from Plasmodium vivax (N = 70, median 2,823 [IQR 598–7,698] parasites/μL) or P. falciparum (N = 24, median 1,148 [IQR 480–3,128] parasites/μL). At baseline, adults with malaria more frequently had ≥ 3 B-lines (summed across eight zones) compared with controls (30% versus 2%, P value < 0.001), indicating higher lung density. When examinations were repeated, only 6% of adults with malaria had ≥ 3 B-lines at follow-up, which was significant lower compared with baseline (median reduction 3 B-line; P value < 0.001). B-lines were not significantly associated with left ventricular ejection fraction in adults with malaria. In conclusion, B-lines detected by LUS were more frequent in adults with uncomplicated malaria compared with controls and decreased after completed antimalarial treatment.

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Plasmodium Vivax Associated Myocarditis

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Case of myocarditis secondary to severePlasmodium falciparuminfection

Prevalence and Dynamic Changes in Lung Ultrasound Findings among Adults with Uncomplicated Malaria and Controls in the Amazon Basin, Brazil

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