Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Latin America

Rodríguez‐Morales, Alfonso J.; Bolívar-Mejía, Adrián; Alarcón-Olave, Camila; Calvo-Betancourt, Lauren S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1422-3_5

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 77 publications

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“…In Latin America, previously neglected vivax malaria is now emerging as an important focus of research in regions where the majority of malaria infections are caused by this parasite (reviewed in [ 17 ]). In Peru, a retrospective case control study recently reported that between 2008 and 2009 in a region with nearly exclusive vivax malaria transmission, of 81 hospitalized cases classified as severe, 28 individuals were critically ill with severe anaemia (57%), shock (25%), lung injury (21%), acute renal failure (14%), or cerebral malaria (11%), and two potentially malaria-related deaths occurred [ 18 ].…”

Section: Malaria-causing Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

Recht

Siqueira

Monteiro

et al. 2017

Malar J

231

244

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In spite of significant progress towards malaria control and elimination achieved in South America in the 2000s, this mosquito-transmitted tropical disease remains an important public health concern in the region. Most malaria cases in South America come from Amazon rain forest areas in northern countries, where more than half of malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax, while Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence has decreased in recent years. This review discusses current malaria data, policies and challenges in four South American Amazon countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Challenges to continuing efforts to further decrease malaria incidence in this region include: a significant increase in malaria cases in recent years in Venezuela, evidence of submicroscopic and asymptomatic infections, peri-urban malaria, gold mining-related malaria, malaria in pregnancy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and primaquine use, and possible under-detection of Plasmodium malariae. Some of these challenges underscore the need to implement appropriate tools and procedures in specific regions, such as a field-compatible molecular malaria test, a P. malariae-specific test, malaria diagnosis and appropriate treatment as part of regular antenatal care visits, G6PD test before primaquine administration for P. vivax cases (with weekly primaquine regimen for G6PD deficient individuals), single low dose of primaquine for P. falciparum malaria in Colombia, and national and regional efforts to contain malaria spread in Venezuela urgently needed especially in mining areas. Joint efforts and commitment towards malaria control and elimination should be strategized based on examples of successful regional malaria fighting initiatives, such as PAMAFRO and RAVREDA/AMI.

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Section: Malaria-causing Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

Recht

Siqueira

Monteiro

et al. 2017

Malar J

231

244

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Mapping malaria in municipalities of the Coffee Triangle region of Colombia using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Rodríguez‐Morales

Orrego-Acevedo

Zambrano-Muñoz

et al. 2015

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been used extensively for the development of epidemiological maps of malaria but not in the Coffee Triangle region of Colombia, endemic for P. vivax, P. falciparum and P. malariae. Surveillance case data (2007-2011) were used to estimate annual incidence rates per Plasmodium spp. (cases/100,000 pop) to develop the first malaria maps in the 53 municipalities of this region (departments Caldas, Quindío, Risaralda). The GIS software used was Kosmo Desktop 3.0RC1(®). Thirty thematic maps were developed according to the municipalities, years, parasite etiology, and uncomplicated and complicated cases. A total of 6582 cases were reported (6478 uncomplicated and 104 complicated, 77.8% Risaralda), for a cumulated rate of 269.46 cases/100,000 pop. Among uncomplicated cases, 5722 corresponded to P. vivax (234.25 cases/100,000 pop), 475 to P. falciparum (19.45 cases/100,000 pop), 8 to P. malariae (0.33 cases/100,000 pop) and 273 mixed (P. falciparum/P. vivax) (11.18 cases/100,000 pop). The highest rate reported was in the more undeveloped and rural municipality of Risaralda (Pueblo Rico, 57.7 cases/1000 pop, 2009). The burden of disease was concentrated in one department (>75% of the region). The use of GIS-based epidemiological maps helps to guide decision-making for the prevention and control of this public health problem that still represents a significant issue in the region and the country, particularly in children.

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Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI): A potential marker for diagnosis in patients at risk of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax

et al. 2019

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Acute infection with Plasmodium vivax, classically associated with benign disease, has been presenting as serious and even fatal disease in recent years. Severe disease is mainly due to biochemical and hematological alterations during the acute phase of infection. In the present cross-sectional study, the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) was evaluated as a method for identifying patients at risk of severe vivax malaria. This retrospective study included 130 patients with confirmed P. vivax infection between June 2006 and January 2018. Clinical-epidemiological data were obtained from medical records. Hematological and biochemical parameters were determined using automated equipment. The criteria of severity for infection by Plasmodium falciparum, established by the World Health Organization (WHO), were adapted to classify patients with danger signs of severe vivax malaria. Of the 130 patient’s records evaluated, 19 (14.6%) had one or more signs and symptoms of severe malaria. The mean APRI values among patients with and without severe malaria were 2.11 and 1.09, respectively (p = 0.044). Among those with severe disease, the proportion with an APRI value above 1.50 was 30% compared to the 10% among those without severe disease (p = 0.007). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI), calculated to assess the accuracy of the APRI in discriminating between patients with and without severe disease, was 0.645 (0.494; 0.795). An APRI cutoff of 0.74 resulted in sensitivity of 74.0%, specificity of 56.0%, and accuracy of 65.0%. This study shows that the APRI is elevated in patients with evidence of infection by P. vivax. Based on the good sensitivity found in this study, we conclude that this simple index can serve as a diagnostic biomarker to identify patients at risk of severe disease during the acute phase of P. vivax infection.

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Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Latin America

Cited by 4 publications

References 77 publications

Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

Mapping malaria in municipalities of the Coffee Triangle region of Colombia using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI): A potential marker for diagnosis in patients at risk of severe malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax

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