Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs): Properties, Synthesis and their Advanced Energy, Environmental and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

Inducing plasmonic characteristics, primarily localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), in conventional AuNPs through particle size and shape control could lead to a significant enhancement in electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties. Synthetic protocols and versatile fabrication methods play pivotal roles to produced plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which can be employed in multipurpose energy, environmental and biomedical applications. The main focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive and tutorial overview of various synthetic methods to design highly plasmonic AuNPs, along with a brief essay to understand the experimental procedure for each technique. The latter part of the review is dedicated to the most advanced and recent solar-induced energy, environmental and biomedical applications. The synthesis methods are compared to identify the best possible synthetic route, which can be adopted while employing plasmonic AuNPs for a specific application. The tutorial nature of the review would be helpful not only for expert researchers but also for novices in the field of nanomaterial synthesis and utilization of plasmonic nanomaterials in various industries and technologies.

Self‐assembly of Gold Nanoparticles into an Adjustable Plasmonic 3D Lattice using Janus‐type Forked Mesogenic Ligands

“…The ratio between mesogenic ligands and hexanethiol co-ligands ranged from 1 : 1 to 2 : 1. There were between 40 and 71 forked ligands attached to a single AuNP (Table S2), and the surface density of the ligands and co-ligands put together ranged from 5.6 to 5.9 per nm 2 . These values are consistent with previous results for systems with nanoparticles of similar size decorated with different ligands.…”

“…Surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) offer opportunities for their use in superlenses, [1] drug delivery, [2] memory devices, [3] field‐enhanced spectroscopy, [4] light harvesting photocatalysis, [5,6] and even generation of negative refractive index metamaterials [7] . For some of these applications the NPs have to be arranged in ordered arrays and with the anisotropic SPR [3] .…”

Strategies for Improved Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Value‐Added Products by Highly Anticipated Copper‐Based Nanoarchitectures

“…Moreover, the electrochemistry approaches can be easily combined with carbon-free electricity sources (e. g., hydroelectric, solar, wind, etc.). [11][12][13][14][15] The solar-driven photoelectrochemical CO 2 conversion is receiving a lot of research attention. [16][17][18][19] However, due to the high cost, low efficiencies, and problems in product selectivity, the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 (ERC) conversion is still a potentially prior method.…”

Nanomaterials for Sustainability: A Review on Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Microorganisms

“…Although, the synthesis of the nanoparticles has been accomplished by alternative activation methods such as sonochemical or microwave (MW)-assisted protocols (Kou and Varma 2013;Gawande et al 2014) and photochemical reaction techniques, laser ablation (Nasrollahzadeh et al 2020b), lithography, etc. they often entail the use of hazardous chemicals or specialized equipment (Sarfraz and Khan 2021), various methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles are presented in Figure 1 with immense potential appliances in environmental remediation and biomedical arena (Iravani and Varma 2020;Nasrollahzadeh et al 2021;Rabiee et al 2021). Green nanotechnology deploying safer solvents, and eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing (capping) agents comprise biological systems wherein plants, bacteria, fungi, algae, and other microorganisms fall into this category (Venil et al 2021b) activity during the last two decades, according to Scopus, is depicted in Figure 2 (Mohammadinejad et al…”