Nanomaterials for Sustainability: A Review on Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles Using Microorganisms

Abstract

Nanotechnology has permeated all areas of sciences as one of the most propitious technology with the deployment of nanoparticles in environmental remediation and biomedical fields; their synthesis under greener conditions has been bourgeoned using microorganisms, plants, etc. to decrease the use of toxic chemicals. Synthesis of nanoparticles by exploiting microorganisms has opened up a new prospect at the interface of nanotechnology, chemistry, and biology enabling access via a biocompatible, safe, sustainable, eco-friendly, and reliable route; microorganisms offer crystal growth, stabilization, and prevention of aggregation thus performing a dual role of reducing and capping agent because of the presence of biomolecules such as enzymes, peptides, poly (amino acids), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and polysaccharides. Herein, the microorganisms-based synthesis of various nanoparticles comprising gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and selenium along with their appliances in waste treatment, biomedicine namely cancer treatment, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidants, are deliberated.

Plant‐mediated synthesis of silver‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity against bacteria cause tooth decay

“…Various physical and chemical methods (Bokov et al, 2021; Kartika et al, 2022) can lead to the production of NPs, but they are generally expensive, time‐consuming, and potentially hazardous to the environment (Ameen et al, 2022; Megarajan et al, 2022; Mohammadi et al, 2020). Therefore, considering the environmental aspects of nanoparticle production (Jadoun et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2018), the use of microorganisms, plants, plant extracts, or plant biomass can be a good alternative to the physical and chemical methods of this process (Akbarizadeh et al, 2022). Bioproduction of NPs greatly reduces the risk to humans, the air, and the ecosystem as a whole.…”