In this research, silver-doped zinc oxide (SdZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized in an environmental-friendly manner. The synthesized NPs were identified by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized ZnO and SdZnO NPs was performed. It was observed that by doping silver, the size of ZnO NPs was changed. By adding silver to ZnO NPs, the antimicrobial effect of ZnO NPs was improved. Antibacterial test against gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutants showed that SdZnO NPs with a low density of silver had higher antibacterial activity than ZnO NPs; Therefore, SdZnO NPs can be used as a new antibacterial agent in medical applications.

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Context: Iran was one of the first countries in the world to encounter acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in February 2020. Numerous efforts have been made worldwide to develop safe and effective vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, several vaccines with different platforms have been licensed for use in various countries. The injection of these vaccines can lead to a range of unwanted side effects (mild to severe). Objectives: This study tried to collect the common adverse effects of the most frequently used COVID-19 vaccines in Iran and provide readers with relevant information and statistics. Methods: This review study collected papers by searching in foreign journals using databases, such as PubMed, PubMed Central, MEDLINE, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Embase, with the keywords of side effects, COVID-19, vaccine, AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, and Sinopharm, which were published within 2000-2021. Results: According to available information and studies, vaccines, unlike COVID-19, do not have any threatening and high-risk side effects, and their benefits outweigh their insignificant side effects. A total of 48 full-text studies and 10 valid websites with high citations and up-to-date information were selected. Among the relevant references, 26, 16, and 16 studies performed on AstraZeneca, Sputnik V, and Sinopharm vaccines were chosen for review, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study can reassure readers and be effective in combating misconceptions about vaccination. Undoubtedly, the main solution to overcome the economic damage and social health burden caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is to accelerate global vaccination.

MicroRNA‐34 (miR‐34) is one the most important tumor suppressor miRNAs involving in the various aspects of oral cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of miR‐34 restoration in OECM‐1 oral cancer resistant to paclitaxel (OECM‐1/PTX) and its underlying mechanisms through p53‐mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. OECM‐1 and OECM‐1/PTX were transfected with miR‐34 mimic and inhibitor. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated through MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53, p‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 were assessed through qRT‐PCR and western blotting. Rhodamin123 uptake assay was used to measure the P‐gp activities. P53 expression was also suppressed by sing a siRNA transfection of cells. The expression levels of miR‐34 were downregulated in OECM‐1/PTX. Restoration of miR‐34 led to increase in cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in cells. In addition, the expression levels and activities of P‐gp were reduced following miR‐34 transfection. miR‐34 transfection upregulated the p53, ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 expression levels in OECM‐1/PTX cells. Furthermore, cells transfected with miR‐34 showed higher levels of apoptosis. miR‐34 restoration reverses paclitaxel resistance in OECM‐1 oral cancer. The chemosensitive effects of miR‐34 is mediated through increasing DNA damage and apoptosis in a p53 depended manner.