Plasmonics in the mid-infrared

Stanley, R. P.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.161

Cited by 256 publications

(199 citation statements)

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“…Introduction-The mid-infrared (MIR) regime contains the fingerprints of many common molecular vibrations and covers several atmospheric transmission windows, making it important for spectroscopic molecular analysis, sensing, and free-space optical communications [1,2]. As such, integrated photonic solutions that can operate between λ = 2-10 µm are of great technological importance.…”

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Multilayer Black Phosphorus as a Versatile Mid-Infrared Electro-optic Material

et al. 2016

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We investigate the electro-optic properties of black phosphorus (BP) thin films for optical modulation in the mid-infrared frequencies. Our calculation indicates that an applied out-of-plane electric field may lead to red-, blue-, or bidirectional shift in BP's absorption edge. This is due to the interplay between the field-induced quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effect and the Pauli-blocked Burstein-Moss shift. The relative contribution of the two electro-absorption mechanisms depends on doping range, operating wavelength, and BP film thickness. For proof-of concept, simple modulator configuration with BP overlaid over a silicon nanowire is studied. Simulation result shows that operating BP in the quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh regime can improve maximal attainable absorption and power efficiency compared to its graphene counterpart.Introduction-The mid-infrared (MIR) regime contains the fingerprints of many common molecular vibrations and covers several atmospheric transmission windows, making it important for spectroscopic molecular analysis, sensing, and free-space optical communications [1, 2]. As such, integrated photonic solutions that can operate between λ = 2-10 µm are of great technological importance. In particular, progress has been made in components such as broadband source and frequency comb with on-chip form-factor [3,4], Si 3 N 4 and SiGebased low-loss optical waveguides, and photodetectors utilizing low-bandgap materials [5]. However, the realization of MIR optical modulators, which require material platforms with versatile opto-electronic properties, remain challenging.

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Multilayer Black Phosphorus as a Versatile Mid-Infrared Electro-optic Material

et al. 2016

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“…Considering multilayer BP, its bandgap size around 0.3 eV makes it ideal for optoelectronic applications in the mid-IR range, which has many important applications such as spectroscopic chemical detection and free-space communication 31,32 . It is highly desirable to realize mid-IR systems that are fully integrated, compact and portable for widespread applications.…”

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Midinfrared Electro-optic Modulation in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus

et al. 2017

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“…From the literature, 41,42 it is clear that Re½e d < 0 can be realized in the MWIR regime by suitably doping semiconductors. As an example, the relative permittivity of heavily doped indium arsenide (InAs) obeys the Drude model 43,44 e InAs f ð Þ ¼ e 1;InAs 1 À f 2 As another example, the relative permittivity of doped indium phosphide (InP) is the sum of a Drude term and a Lorentz term in the MWIR regime.…”

Section: Effect Of Dissipation and Dispersionmentioning

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Giant enhancement of the controllable in-plane anisotropy of biased isotropic noncentrosymmetric materials with epsilon-negative multilayers

Valagiannopoulos

Tsitsas

Lakhtakia

2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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Effects of photon reabsorption phenomena in confocal micro-photoluminescence measurements in crystalline silicon J. Appl. Phys. 121, 063101063101 (2017) Giant in-plane anisotropy can be exhibited by a finitely thick periodic multilayer comprising bilayers of an isotropic noncentrosymmetric material and a non-dissipative isotropic medium of negative permittivity, when a dc electric field is applied in the thickness direction. Compared to a homogeneous layer of the noncentrosymmetric material with the same thickness as the periodic multilayer, the latter exhibits an effective in-plane anisotropy that can be three orders larger in magnitude. This enhancement gets more substantial at higher frequencies and is electrically controllable. The incorporation of dissipation reduces the enhancement of the effective in-plane anisotropy, which nevertheless remains significant. We expect the finitely thick periodic multilayer to be useful as a polarization transformer or a modulator in the terahertz regime fully controllable via external dc bias. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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Plasmonics in the mid-infrared

Abstract: Plasmonics can be used to enhance mid-infrared sources, sensors and detectors for applications such as chemical sensing, thermal imaging and heat scavenging. The challenge now is to integrate these technologies in cost-effective, compact and reliable platforms.

Cited by 256 publications

References 25 publications

Multilayer Black Phosphorus as a Versatile Mid-Infrared Electro-optic Material

Multilayer Black Phosphorus as a Versatile Mid-Infrared Electro-optic Material

Midinfrared Electro-optic Modulation in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus

Giant enhancement of the controllable in-plane anisotropy of biased isotropic noncentrosymmetric materials with epsilon-negative multilayers

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