Plastic composites made from glycerol, citric acid, and forest components

Abstract

An ecofriendly approach for the synthesis of plastic biomaterials based on renewable materials suitable for 3D printing application or other applications has been developed. The material was prepared from native (microcrystalline) or amorphous cellulose, citric acid, and glycerol or ethylene glycol, by a pretreatment at 40 °C and a curing at 175 °C for 1 h. The results showed that tensile properties and the water absorption level of the material were acceptable. The highest strain at break (14%) was obtained from materials made of 10% amorphous cellulose with 90% glycerol/citric acid. It had a maximum stress at 37 MPa. Moreover, materials were without ash content. Possible applications of the material in 3D-printers were discussed. In addition, application of mechanical pulp and wood powder into novel plastic material production was discussed. Foaming during curing might be a problem for this type of material, but this can be avoided by using amorphous cellulose in the recipe.

Densification of Wood—Influence on Mechanical and Chemical Properties when 11 Naturally Occurring Substances in Wood Are Mixed with Beech and Pine

“…The substances that are presented in Table 2 are categorized as polysaccharides, lignin, protein, and extractives. All the substances are equivalent materials commonly used in research studies to reflect their properties in biomasses [23][24][25][26][30][31][32]. The moisture content in all 24 tests was aimed to be 10% (wb).…”

“…Based on earlier studies [29,30,35], Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR) was used to study structural changes through the identification of major functional groups associated with the primary components of the pellet samples, as well as to establish the role of these groups in springback behavior, in bonding, and for pellet quality in terms of hardness. FTIR spectra were obtained using an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR spectrophotometer (USA) equipped with the diamond ATR.…”

Effects of various cleaning agents on polypropylene and copolyester thermoplastic orthodontic retainer materials

“…Therefore, glycerol increases the crystallinity of polypropylene and decreases the flexural modulus, as described in earlier studies. 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 …”

Development of (polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitsoan/citric acid)/(zinc oxide‐nanoparticles) bionanocomposite films and their applications in biodegradation and antimicrobial activity

“…(PVP/CS) films were fabricated by mixing PVP solution with various ratios (v/v) of CS solutions of ([PVP to CS]; [1/1], [1/2], and [2/1]) under magnetical stirring with 100 rpm at 60°C until the obtaining the full soluble solutions for 6 h. A fixed 0.5 g of CA is added to 100 mL of (PVP/CS) solutions for each previous ratio then stirred magnetically with 100 rpm at 60°C for 24 h to guarantee the full dissolution. The purpose of adding CA to binary polymers is as crosslinker, 40 plasticizer to enhance the flexibility of the material 41 and representing as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents 42 . The solutions were poured into glass tubes followed by covering thoroughly.…”