Plastic pool fires

Modak, Ashok T.; Croce, Paul A.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(77)90074-8

Cited by 82 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…According to Eq. , the convective heat transfer coefficient h c decreases with increasing width according to a negative power law, which is consistent with results of Quintiere , Modak and Croce , and Zhang et al . :

h_{c} \propto W^{- n},

where h c is the convective heat transfer coefficient and W is the sample width.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Experimental study of horizontal flame spread over rigid polyurethane foam on a plateau: effects of sample width and ambient pressure

et al. 2014

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Summary The effects of sample width and ambient pressure on horizontal flame spread over horizontal rigid polyurethane foams are experimentally studied. A series of comparative experiments are conducted at two places with different altitudes in China. The sample surface temperature, spread rate, and height of flame are measured over a range of sample widths from 4 to 16 cm. Experimental results show that the horizontal flame spread rate decreases as the sample width increases in a negative power law at both two altitudes and the flame spread rate in the Hefei plain (at an altitude of 30 m) is larger than that on the Tibetan plateau (at an altitude of 3658 m) of the same width. The horizontal flame spread mechanism on the rigid polyurethane foam is analyzed qualitatively in comparison with the results of the flame spread rate of expanded polystyrene foams. The relationship between the dimensionless flame height (Hf/W) and the sample width (W) is obtained by using Froude number similarity. It is found based on the experimental data under two different ambient pressures that the average value of the exponent of the ambient pressure in the power law for the horizontal flame spread rate is about 1.9, which is in good agreement with the theoretical value 2.0. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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h_{c} \propto W^{- n},

where h c is the convective heat transfer coefficient and W is the sample width.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Experimental study of horizontal flame spread over rigid polyurethane foam on a plateau: effects of sample width and ambient pressure

et al. 2014

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“…Preserving the convection and radiation yieldsq f ∼D −1/4 in convection dominant regime andq f ∼D for the optically thin case (ÄD is small) oṙ q f ∼D 0 for the optically thick case (ÄD is large). Modak and Croce [16] measured the convective and radiative components in PMMA (plexiglass) pool fires with different scales, and indicated that convection drops with scale and radiation increases. Emori and Saito [17] experimentally studied pool fire under optically thick conditions, and their results followq f ∼D 0 .…”

Section: The Analysis On Heat Transfer Processmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental study on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface on plateau

Zhang¹,

Huang²,

Wang³

et al. 2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…This indicates that a change in the material's radiative characteristics occurred (at least in the visible range). Modak and Croce [170] reported that for clear PMMA, 39% of flame radiation is transmitted through the surface, but for "charred" PMMA (previously exposed to a fire environment and then cooled) no radiation penetrates in depth. Bubbling occurring near the surface of polymers can change their radiative characteristics, but this effect is has not yet been reliably quantified.…”

Section: Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obtaining accurate property data that characterizes the in-depth absorption (normally, the "gray" absorption coefficient) can be difficult. Modak and Croce [170] reported that the gray absorption coefficient of clear PMMA for its flame radiation is 124 m -1 . Progelhof et al [175] give band-mean absorption coefficients for PMMA and poly(4-methylpentene-1) as a function of wavelength (and developed exact solutions for the temperature profiles resulting in semi-transparent solids).…”

Section: Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

Lautenberger

Fernandez-Pello

2009

Fire Safety Journal

307

259

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This dissertation presents the derivation, numerical implementation, and verification/validation of a generalized model that can be used to simulate the pyrolysis, gasification, and burning of a wide range of solid fuels encountered in fires. The model can be applied to noncharring and charring solids, composites, intumescent coatings, and smolder in porous media. Care is taken to make the model as general as possible, allowing the user to determine the appropriate level of complexity to include in a simulation. The model considers a user-specified number of gas phase and condensed phase species, each having its own temperature-dependent thermophysical properties.Any number of heterogeneous (gas-solid) or homogeneous (solid-solid or gas-gas) reactions can be specified. Both in-depth radiation transfer through semi-transparent media and radiation transport across pores are considered. Volume change (surface regression or swelling/intumescence) is handled by allowing the size of grid points to change as dictated by mass conservation. All volatiles generated inside the solid escape to the ambient with no resistance to mass transfer unless a pressure solver is invoked; the resultant flow of volatiles is then calculated according to Darcy's law. A gas phase 2 convective-diffusive solver can be invoked to determine the composition of the volatiles.Oxidative pyrolysis is simulated by modeling diffusion of oxygen from the ambient into the pyrolyzing solid where it may participate in reactions. Consequently, the mass flux and composition of volatiles escaping from the solid can be calculated. To aid in determining the required input parameters, the model is coupled to a genetic algorithm that can be used to estimate the required input parameters from bench-scale fire tests or thermogravimetric analysis.

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Plastic pool fires

Cited by 82 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental study of horizontal flame spread over rigid polyurethane foam on a plateau: effects of sample width and ambient pressure

Experimental study of horizontal flame spread over rigid polyurethane foam on a plateau: effects of sample width and ambient pressure

Experimental study on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface on plateau

Generalized pyrolysis model for combustible solids

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