Plastic shrinkage cracking in 3D printed concrete

Moelich, G.M.; Kruger, Jacques; Combrinck, Riaan

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108313

Cited by 138 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Le et al [ 183 ] observed that shrinkage was higher for printable concrete mix cured in a chamber (855 μm) with a relative humidity of 60%, temperature of 20 °C than its shrinkage strains cured in water (175 μm). Moelich et al [ 239 ] observed higher plastic shrinkage strain in printed concrete due to the absence of formwork, lower sand-binder ratio, and higher amount of fine content in printable concrete than conventional concrete. Federowicz et al [ 240 ] investigated the effect of adding shrinkage reducing admixture and foil insulation upon the shrinkage strains in printed concrete.…”

Section: Durability Of 3d-printed Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…External curing reduced strains by 80%, which is a more effective method, but it hinders the continuous printing of concrete. Moelich et al [ 239 ] observed that most of the shrinkage cracks occur within the first two hours after printing. The provision of shrinkage restraining reinforcement increases the cracks’ density.…”

Section: Durability Of 3d-printed Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The provision of shrinkage restraining reinforcement increases the cracks’ density. The authors also reported slip between extruded layers due to differential shrinkage strains between layers [ 239 ]. Three-dimensionally printed concrete is more susceptible to shrinkage cracks due to the higher amount of binder used in the printable mixes.…”

Section: Durability Of 3d-printed Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper provides a state-of-the-art report on the up-to-date research on the emerging 3D concrete printing technology from the concrete materials perspective. It reviews the recent research focused on understanding and characterizing the rheological necessities of the concrete printing process and discusses how the researchers are tailoring compatible mix proportions for the 3D concrete printing process by using eco-friendly binders, waste aggregates, chemical admixtures, and nano-additives. This paper systematically evaluates anisotropic behavior in the mechanical properties of printed concrete and establishes an order for anisotropic behavior in the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths along three different axes (X, Y, and Z axes) of printed concrete. It evaluates the ratio of flexural strength to the compressive strength of printed concrete along the above three axes. This article explains the influence of variation of printing process parameters on the mechanical properties and discusses reinforcement approaches used for increasing structural performance. The microstructure at the interface of adjacent layers and also at the interface of the reinforcement-cement matrix is discussed. The recent research on the durability performance of printed concrete is critically discussed and future research needs for 3D concrete printing are identified in this paper.

show abstract

Section: Durability Of 3d-printed Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Durability Of 3d-printed Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Durability Of 3d-printed Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Digital image correlation (DIC) was proposed to determine the non-uniform strains of materials by applying correlation algorithm to compare the photos of specimen before and after deformation [14][15][16]. Recently, DIC was increasingly applied to study the non-uniform properties of concretes [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Moelich et al [25] used DIC in monitoring the plastic shrinkage of 3D-printed concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, DIC was increasingly applied to study the non-uniform properties of concretes [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Moelich et al [25] used DIC in monitoring the plastic shrinkage of 3D-printed concrete. Lagier et al [26] and Mauroux et al [27] applied DIC to measure the drying-induced strains in the cement paste embedded with cylindrical aggregates, and those in coating mortar, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of coarse aggregate size on non-uniform stress/strain and drying-induced microcracking in concrete

Gao

Chen

Huang

et al. 2021

Composites Part B: Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-uniform stresses, strains and microcracking of the concretes with three coarse aggregate sizes (5-10 mm, 10-16 mm, 16-20 mm) dried under 40% relative humidity (RH) for 60 days were quantified using digital image correlation and lattice fracture modelling. The influencing mechanism of coarse aggregate size on the dryinginduced microcracking of concrete was clarified: (1) As the coarse aggregate size decreases, propagation paths of microcracking are increased, which increase the number of small microcracks and release the drying shrinkage force from mortar phase. (2) Tensile stress shells surrounding the coarse aggregates become thinner, thereby decreasing the area of large microcracks. As the coarse aggregate size decreased from 16-20 mm to 5-10 mm, the average thickness of tensile stress shells decreased from 2.13 mm to 1.09 mm at the beginning of drying, and the area of the microcracks >5 μm in width decreased from 796.6 mm 2 /m 2 to 340.2 mm 2 /m 2 at 60 days since drying.

show abstract

3D printed concrete as stay‐in‐place formwork: Mechanics during casting and curing

Bekaert

Tittelboom

Schutter

2022

Structural Concrete

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research in 3D concrete printing has gained an exponential increase in attention over the last decades. The automated production process can be beneficial to reduce material use and increase form freedom of produced elements. Disadvantages are the difficulty to apply reinforcement, the speed of execution if massive elements have to be made and the uncertain durability performance of the printed material. These aspects still lead to reticence in the concrete construction industry to use 3D printing at a large scale. To lower the threshold to move from the conventional toward the new construction technique, a combination of 3D printed and conventional concrete is proposed namely concrete elements with stay‐in‐place 3D printed formwork. In this paper, experimental research has been performed to investigate the behavior of 3D printed formwork during casting and curing of fresh material. Cylindrical formwork was printed on small scale and filled with self‐compacting concrete. During the experiments, strain development and temperature evolution were measured in and around the elements. The obtained data was analyzed taking in attention the material characteristics of both materials in order to separate the different mechanisms. Results showed that the formwork is subjected to the lateral pressure of the cast concrete, moisture warping and thermal curling. The strains in the formwork increase significantly after casting as a result of moisture warping and thermal curling. The peak strain of the concrete element is reached during the hydration phase of the cast concrete. As the cast concrete stiffened in a slightly deformed formwork, residual strains will be present after the element cooled down.

show abstract

Plastic shrinkage cracking in 3D printed concrete

Cited by 138 publications

References 39 publications

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

3D Concrete Printing: A Systematic Review of Rheology, Mix Designs, Mechanical, Microstructural, and Durability Characteristics

Effect of coarse aggregate size on non-uniform stress/strain and drying-induced microcracking in concrete

3D printed concrete as stay‐in‐place formwork: Mechanics during casting and curing

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About