Plastic waste to liquid fuel: A review of technologies, applications, and challenges

Sharma, Vikas; Hossain, Abul Kalam; Griffiths, Gareth; Duraisamy, Ganesh; Krishnasamy, Anand; Vinu, R.; Sodré, José Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2022.102651

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Biomass and waste streams offer potential contributions for such demands. Recent reviews are a rich source of information on the progress in pyrolysis and gasification in view of the transformation toward sustainable and circular processes. − Introductory, overview, and perspective articles address general procedures, ,, experimental techniques, − , and modeling strategies ,,, regarding the conversion of biomass, ,− specifically of biopolymeric building blocks such as lignocellulose and lignin, , and of plastics, ,− aiming not only at energy recovery but, e.g., at producing chemicals and fuels. , …”

Section: Developments For Systems and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the hundreds of millions of tons of plastic waste produced annually, , large amounts are just discarded and therefore ubiquitously found in the environment with numerous adverse effects; further large fractions are also deposited in landfills, incinerated, or treated by mechanical recycling processes. ,, Dogu et al (2021) have estimated that chemical recycling of solid plastic waste has the potential to save annually about 3.5 billion barrels of oil . Their analysis of available data shows packaging to be the most common end use, with a significant fraction of this material having a service life of less than a month .…”

Section: Developments For Systems and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their analysis of available data shows packaging to be the most common end use, with a significant fraction of this material having a service life of less than a month . Sharma et al (2022) point out that almost 99% of plastics are made from petroleum and about 90% of this fraction are produced from virgin fossil feedstock, with a contribution of 400 Mt of CO 2 each year from plastic trash, landfill, and incineration . Polymer categories that contribute dominantly to plastic solid waste comprise polyethylene (PE) as low- and high-density PE (LDPE/HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), with PE providing the highest share of about 40% .…”

Section: Developments For Systems and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reviews are a rich source of information on the progress in pyrolysis and gasification in view of the transformation toward sustainable and circular processes. 634−650 Introductory, overview, and perspective articles address general procedures, 634,645,646 experimental techniques, [636][637][638][639]641 and modeling strategies 642,644,649,640 regarding the conversion of biomass, 636,641−644 specifically of biopolymeric building blocks such as lignocellulose and lignin, 636,644 and of plastics, 634,645−649 aiming not only at energy recovery but, e.g., at producing chemicals and fuels. 646,647 Different thermochemical conversion technologies for these purposes have several features in common, including their robustness and good economics.…”

Section: Pyrolysis and Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Kohse‐Höinghaus

2023

Chem. Rev.

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Combustion is a reactive oxidation process that releases energy bound in chemical compounds used as fuels�energy that is needed for power generation, transportation, heating, and industrial purposes. Because of greenhouse gas and local pollutant emissions associated with fossil fuels, combustion science and applications are challenged to abandon conventional pathways and to adapt toward the demand of future carbon neutrality. For the design of efficient, low-emission processes, understanding the details of the relevant chemical transformations is essential. Comprehensive knowledge gained from decades of fossil-fuel combustion research includes general principles for establishing and validating reaction mechanisms and process models, relying on both theory and experiments with a suite of analytic monitoring and sensing techniques. Such knowledge can be advantageously applied and extended to configure, analyze, and control new systems using different, nonfossil, potentially zero-carbon fuels. Understanding the impact of combustion and its links with chemistry needs some background. The introduction therefore combines information on exemplary cultural and technological achievements using combustion and on nature and effects of combustion emissions. Subsequently, the methodology of combustion chemistry research is described. A major part is devoted to fuels, followed by a discussion of selected combustion applications, illustrating the chemical information needed for the future.

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Section: Developments For Systems and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developments For Systems and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Developments For Systems and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pyrolysis and Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Kohse‐Höinghaus

2023

Chem. Rev.

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“…We collect plastic waste from homes, industries, and other locations. This simple pyrolysis apparatus converts collected plastic waste into a liquid fuel called plastic oil [26,27]. The water washing method was used to clean the waste plastics to avoid contamination in the liquid fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction and Performance Analysis of Hydrocarbons from Waste Plastic Using the Pyrolysis Process

et al. 2022

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Ecosystem destruction is one of today’s significant challenges due to fast industrialisation and an increasing population. It takes several years for solid trash, such as plastic bottles and super-market bags, to decompose in nature. In addition, plastic disposal techniques such as landfilling, reuse, and incineration pose significant threats to human health and the environment. In this paper, we investigated whether the impact of mixing biodiesel with waste oil from recycled plastic on the resulting fuel mixture’s yields better physical and chemical properties . Consequently, pyrolysis is one of the most advantageous and practical waste disposal methods as it is both environmentally benign and efficient. Pyrolysis is the high-temperature thermal breakdown of solid waste to produce pyrolytic oil. The pyrolytic (plastic) oil produced is converted to a hydrocarbon-rich pyrolytic fuel. Similar to diesel and gasoline, pyrolytic fuel has the same calorific value. Internal combustion engines may operate on pyrolytic fuel without suffering a performance reduction. Researchers examined engine performance and exhaust pollutants. The research discovered that the engine could operate on plastic pyrolysis fuel at full load, enhance brake thermal efficiency by 6–8%, and lower UBHC and CO emissions; however, nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions were noticeably higher. The findings demonstrated the possibility of using plastic pyrolysis fuel as a diesel substitute.

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Design of Copolymer‐Based Blend Compatibilizers for Mixed Plastic Recycling

Qian,

Dunn,

Qiang

2023

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Mixed plastic waste recycling represents a significant challenge as the phase separation of different components dictates downgraded performance. Polymer‐based compatibilizers can offer a promising solution to address this issue, through effectively reducing surface tension and increasing interfacial strength between distinct components to result in improved mechanical and thermal properties of recycled products. This perspective provides an overview of the fundamental concepts for the rational design of copolymer blend compatibilizers and discusses their recent advances, including both preformed and in situ generated systems. Impacts of key material parameters of compatibilizers, such as chain topology, chemical composition, and block sequence on their performance of remediating mixed plastics are discussed. Additionally, reactive compatibilization strategies are also introduced, including in situ formation of polymers, installing functional groups on mixed plastics, and employing dual compatibilization strategies. Looking forward, there are many research and technology opportunities in this area, especially for enabling the use of blend compatibilizers to practically address mixed plastic wastes at scale. Specifically, future compatibilizer design and application should provide strong competitiveness in both cost and energy savings, and carbon emission reduction. Together, the development of blend compatibilizers is an important step in establishing plastic circular economy and creating a more sustainable future.

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Plastic waste to liquid fuel: A review of technologies, applications, and challenges

Cited by 14 publications

References 122 publications

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Combustion, Chemistry, and Carbon Neutrality

Extraction and Performance Analysis of Hydrocarbons from Waste Plastic Using the Pyrolysis Process

Design of Copolymer‐Based Blend Compatibilizers for Mixed Plastic Recycling

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