Plasticity of the Central Nervous System and Formation of “Auxiliary Niches” after Stem Cell Grafting: An Essay

Ourednik, Václav; Ourednik, Jitka

doi:10.3727/000000007783464696

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Indeed, the vast majority of the recruited progenitors die very quickly and therefore they do not contribute to cell replacement (Arvidsson et al , 2002). In addition to cell replacement, the presence of neural stem cells within lesioned areas may be beneficial through anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects (Ourednik and Ourednik, 2007; Einstein and Ben-Hur, 2008). In the last decade, a vigorous effort has been dedicated to better understand neural stem cell biology, to decipher why stem cells reside in specific “niches” (Ninkovic and Götz, 2007; Riquelme et al, 2008), and to determine which signaling cascades control their proliferation, migration and differentiation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell migration in the normal and pathological postnatal mammalian brain

Cayre

Canoll

Goldman

2009

Progress in Neurobiology

214

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the developing brain, cell migration is a crucial process for structural organization, and is therefore highly regulated to allow the correct formation of complex networks, wiring neurons, and glia. In the early postnatal brain, late developmental processes such as the production and migration of astrocyte and oligodendrocyte progenitors still occur. Although the brain is completely formed and structured few weeks after birth, it maintains a degree of plasticity throughout life, including axonal remodeling, synaptogenesis, but also neural cell birth, migration and integration. The subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG) are the two main neurogenic niches in the adult brain. Neural stem cells reside in these structures and produce progenitors that migrate toward their ultimate location: the olfactory bulb and granular cell layer of the DG respectively. The aim of this review is to synthesize the increasing information concerning the organization, regulation and function of cell migration in a mature brain. In a normal brain, protein involved in cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions together with secreted proteins acting as chemoattractant or chemorepellant play key roles in the regulation of neural progenitor cell migration. In addition, recent data suggest that gliomas arise from the transformation of neural stem cells or progenitor cells and that glioma cell infiltration recapitulates key aspects of glial progenitor migration. Thus, we will consider glioma migration in the context of progenitor migration. Finally, many observations show that brain lesions and neurological diseases trigger neural stem/progenitor cell activation and migration towards altered structures. The factors involved in such cell migration/recruitment are just beginning to be understood. Inflammation which has long been considered as thoroughly disastrous for brain repair is now known to produce some positive effects on stem/progenitor cell recruitment via the regulation of growth factor signaling and the secretion of a number of chemoattractant cytokines. This knowledge is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. One of these strategies could consist in increasing the mobilization of endogenous progenitor cells that could replace lost cells and improve functional recovery.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell migration in the normal and pathological postnatal mammalian brain

Cayre

Canoll

Goldman

2009

Progress in Neurobiology

214

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent studies have demonstrated that the presence of NSPCs at the lesion site is beneficial for brain repair by mechanisms other than cell replacement, notably by anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects [41], [42]. Developing strategies to enhance endogenous NSPC recruitment thus presents a double advantage: first, progenitors that complete differentiation could replace lost cells and those that remain immature could contribute to immunomodulation and neuroprotection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reelin Controls Progenitor Cell Migration in the Healthy and Pathological Adult Mouse Brain

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the signals that control migration of neural progenitor cells in the adult brain may provide new therapeutic opportunities. Reelin is best known for its role in regulating cell migration during brain development, but we now demonstrate a novel function for reelin in the injured adult brain. First, we show that Reelin is upregulated around lesions. Second, experimentally increasing Reelin expression levels in healthy mouse brain leads to a change in the migratory behavior of subventricular zone-derived progenitors, triggering them to leave the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to which they are normally restricted during their migration to the olfactory bulb. Third, we reveal that Reelin increases endogenous progenitor cell dispersal in periventricular structures independently of any chemoattraction but via cell detachment and chemokinetic action, and thereby potentiates spontaneous cell recruitment to demyelination lesions in the corpus callosum. Conversely, animals lacking Reelin signaling exhibit reduced endogenous progenitor recruitment at the lesion site. Altogether, these results demonstrate that beyond its known role during brain development, Reelin is a key player in post-lesional cell migration in the adult brain. Finally our findings provide proof of concept that allowing progenitors to escape from the RMS is a potential therapeutic approach to promote myelin repair.

show abstract

“…This ‘transfer’ of the niche to the microenvironment of grafted cells appears to maintain the cells in a more uncommitted stem‐like state that is conducive to neuroprotection. In essence, in our model transplanted and endogenous neural precursors together may be perceived to create an additional ectopic stem cell niche (Ourednik & Ourednik, 2007; Pluchino et al. , 2010) which through its regenerative abilities promotes CNS plasticity and resistance to pathological insults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous neural precursors influence grafted neural stem cells and contribute to neuroprotection in the parkinsonian rat

Madhavan

Daley

Sortwell

et al. 2012

Eur J of Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuroprotective and neurorescue effects after neural stem/precursor cell (NPC) transplantation have been reported, but the mechanisms underlying such phenomena are not well understood. Our recent findings in a rat Parkinson’s disease (PD) model indicate that transplantation of NPCs before a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) insult can result in nigrostriatal protection which is associated with endogenous NPC proliferation, migration and neurogenesis. Here, we sought to determine whether the observed endogenous NPC response (1) contributes to transplanted NPC - mediated neuroprotection and/or (2) affects graft phenotype and function. Host Fischer 344 rats were administered the antimitotic agent cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranoside (Ara-C) to eliminate actively proliferating endogenous neural precursors before being transplanted with NPCs and treated with 6-OHDA to induce nigrostriatal degeneration. Behavioral and histological analyses demonstrate that the neuroprotective response observed in NPC transplanted animals which had not received Ara-C was significantly attenuated in animals which did receive pre-transplant Ara-C. Also, while grafts in Ara-C treated animals showed no decrease in cell number, they exhibited significantly reduced expression of the neural stem cell regulators nestin and sonic hedgehog. In addition, inhibition of the endogenous NPC response resulted in an exaggerated host glial reaction. Overall, the study establishes for the first time that endogenous NPCs contribute to transplanted NPC-mediated therapeutic effects by affecting both grafted and mature host cells in unique ways. Thus, both endogenous and transplanted NPCs are important in creating an environment suitable for neural protection and rescue, and harnessing their synergistic interaction may lead to the optimization of cell-based therapies for PD.

show abstract

Plasticity of the Central Nervous System and Formation of “Auxiliary Niches” after Stem Cell Grafting: An Essay

Cited by 7 publications

References 71 publications

Cell migration in the normal and pathological postnatal mammalian brain

Cell migration in the normal and pathological postnatal mammalian brain

Reelin Controls Progenitor Cell Migration in the Healthy and Pathological Adult Mouse Brain

Endogenous neural precursors influence grafted neural stem cells and contribute to neuroprotection in the parkinsonian rat

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About